Abstract: A photocatalytic coating composition comprising a photocatalyst, a silicon alkoxide, a zirconium compound, colloidal silica, and a liquid medium, wherein a content of the zirconium compound in terms of zirconium atoms is 0.3 to 3 times by mole a content of the silicon alkoxide in terms of silicon atoms, which can form a coating film of a photocatalyst with a high adhesion strength to a substrate.

Abstract: Growth of scale on the wall surfaces of high-temperature furnaces is prevented, or the damaged portions are repaired. In addition, the inner wall surfaces of furnaces such as coke furnaces and carbon-firing furnaces, and attachments to furnaces (furnace lids and gas pipes) are protected from deposition of carbon.Glazing layers are formed by application to the refractory surfaces of furnaces of a glazing agent which comprises as a glaze, on an oxide basis, 0-10% by weight of Li.sub.2 O, 0-10% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 10-40% by weight of R.sub.2 O (R represents Na or K) and SiO.sub.2 as the balance, wherein the glaze has a melting point of 900.degree. C. or below.

Abstract: Phenoxytoluene derivative is chlorinated in a very high yield and selectivity in the presence of nitrogen-, sulfur-, phosphorus- or oxygen-containing compound which is capable of forming a charge-transfer complex with chlorine, chlorine radical or organic halogen compound, together with radical initiator and organic halogen compound.

Abstract: Textile materials such as fiber and cloth can be dyed more satisfactorily with sulfur dyes or sulfurized vat dyes by allowing an organic mercapto compound and/or an organic sulfur compound capable of generating mercapto groups under dyeing conditions to be present in dye baths. Still more improved dyeing results may be obtained by allowing a sulfite salt compound to be further present in such dye baths.