Abstract: The optical system of the microscope includes a close-up optical system that faces an object, a pair of imaging optical systems that take object light rays passing through regions of the close-up optical system, and an illuminating optical system that guides illumination light emitted from a light source to illuminate the object. Each lens included in the close-up optical system has a semicircular shape in which one side is cut out. The close-up optical system is held in a first lens barrel, and the illuminating optical system is held in a second lens barrel. The second lens barrel is arranged in the cutout space of the close-up optical system inside the first lens barrel. A light shielding member is attached to the second lens barrel to prevent a leak of the illumination light through grooves formed on the second lens barrel.

Abstract: A camera for a roll film that is provided with a separate film strip wound around a first spool, and is provided with a second spool includes a first and second spool compartment. The roll film can be loaded into either the first or second spool compartments and the second spool can be loaded into either the second or first spool compartments, respectively. A reversible film winding mechanism winds the film strip of the roll film onto the second spool. The film winding direction can be reversed depending on which one of the first and second spool compartments the roll film is loaded into.

Abstract: A zoom lens system including a positive first lens group and a negative second lens group in this order from the object, and in which zooming is performed by varying the distance between the positive first lens group and the negative second lens group; wherein a diaphragm is positioned between lens elements which constitute the first lens group, and wherein focusing is performed by moving the negative second lens group along the optical axis.

Abstract: A multipoint autofocus system includes a line sensor which receives object images and outputs a signal corresponding to a brightness thereof. The system also includes a controller having an A/D converter which converts the signal output from the line sensor to 10 bit digital data, and further converts the 10 bit digital data to one of 9 bit and 8 bit digital data, wherein a conversion precision of the A/D converter can be varied.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing progressive power spectacle lenses includes preparing individual fitting condition data for a lens-wearer such as object distances for near and distance vision, the distance from the point-of-rotation of each eyeball of a lens-wearer to each spectacle lens, the pantoscopic angle of the spectacle lenses when fitted onto said lens-wearer, and determining an amount of inset in accordance with said individual fitting condition data.

Abstract: A back-surface progressive power lens is provided having a negative dioptric power for distance vision, the value of a surface power Pfm of the progressive surface in the main meridional plane at a first point on the main meridian in a distance portion of the progressive power lens is less than the value of a surface power Pfs of the progressive surface in a plane perpendicular to the main meridional plane at the first point; and the value of a surface power Pnm of the progressive surface in the main meridional plane at a second point on the main meridian in a near portion of the progressive power lens is greater than the value of a surface power Pns of the progressive surface in a plane perpendicular to the main meridional plane at the second point.

Abstract: A branch image pickup and view system includes an objective lens system, an image pickup surface which is adapted to pick up an image formed by the objective lens system, an eyepiece lens system through which an image formed by the objective lens system is viewed, an optical separation system provided behind the objective lens system to split light into a light bundle for the image pickup surface and a light bundle for the eyepiece lens system, a condenser lens provided in the optical path from said optical separation system to said optical eyepiece system to relay the image formed through the objective lens system to the eyepiece lens system, and an optical enlargement system which is provided between the optical separation system and the condenser lens.

Abstract: A joint mechanism for connection between a sheath and a manipulating section of an endoscopic treatment instrument is provided. A joint includes a leading end portion connected to said sheath, and an expanded base end portion having a first cross sectional shape. A receptacle ring is mounted on an leading end portion of said manipulating section and rotatable within a predetermined angular range relative to said leading end portion of said manipulating section. The receptacle ring is formed with an insertion hole having such a second cross section as to permit said expanded base end portion to be passed therethrough. A fitting hole is formed in said leading end portion of said manipulating section so as to non-rotatably receiving said expanded base end portion that has been passed through the insertion hole.

Abstract: A zoom lens barrel includes a stationary barrel; a first rotational feed barrel which is engaged with the stationary barrel by means of helicoids; a first linear movement barrel which is engaged with the first rotational feed barrel so as to relatively rotate and to relatively move together along the optical axis and which is provided on the inner peripheral surface thereof with a female helicoid; a second rotational feed barrel which has a male helicoid and a female helicoid on the outer and inner peripheral surfaces thereof respectively; a rotational transmission barrel which is engaged with the first rotational feed barrel so as to relatively move along the optical axis and to rotate together, and which is integrally connected to the second rotational feed barrel; a second linear movement barrel which is provided on outer peripheral surface thereof with a male helicoid which engages with the female helicoid of the second rotational feed barrel; a lens group that is held by said second rotational feed barre

Abstract: A macro lens system includes a positive first lens group, an aperture and a negative second lens group arranged in the order from an object side. The lens groups are driven to move along an optical axis for focusing. When the lens groups are driven, a full-opening diameter of the aperture is changed such when the lens groups is moved toward the object side to focus on a closer object, the full-opening diameter is increased.

Abstract: Binoculars are provided with correction lenses which correct a trembling of a focused image. The correction lenses are driven by stepping motors. The difference between an angular position data of optical axes of the binoculars and a driving amount of the correction lenses driven by the stepping motors is calculated. If the difference exceeds a positive threshold value, the stepping motor is rotated clockwise, and if the difference is below a negative threshold value, the stepping motor is rotated counterclockwise in order to cancel the difference. When the difference is between the positive threshold value and the negative threshold value, the stepping motor is not rotated. The threshold value is determined to be a quarter of the driving amount of the correction lenses, which corresponds to one rotational step of the stepping motor.

Abstract: A motor-driven diaphragm apparatus for a lens barrel having a plurality of lens groups and a diaphragm mechanism, in which a diaphragm block provided with a plurality of diaphragm blades and a diaphragm-opening-and-closing ring which opens and closes an aperture defined by the diaphragm blades, is integrally provided with a diaphragm-opening-and-closing arm that projects from the diaphragm block and that is provided with a radial association groove for the diaphragm-opening-and-closing ring. Also provided are front and rear lens barrel blocks which support the lens groups, wherein said diaphragm block is held between the front and rear lens barrel blocks so that the diaphragm-opening-and-closing arm and the association groove project outwardly.

Abstract: A release switch is directly activated by a self-timer button, and a shutter release button first activates a photometric switch, then the release switch. The self-timer operation is carried out in response to the activation of only the release switch, a photometric operation is carried out in response to the activation of only the photometric switch, and a shutter release operation is carried out in response to the sequential activation of both the photometric switch and the release switch.

Abstract: A soft focus lens which is designed as a retrofocus type lens, comprises a front lens group having a negative power, a rear lens group having positive power, and a diaphragm located within the rear lens group. The front and rear lens groups are arranged in this order from an object side. In particular, the soft focus lens satisfies the following conditions;SAU/f<-0.10 (1)f/fF<-0.5 (2)whereSAU is spherical aberration at full open aperture, f is focal length of the whole lens system, and fF is focal length of the front lens group.

Abstract: A camera having a sliding cover supported to slide along a front surface of a camera body to selectively cover and uncover a photographing lens. The sliding cover has at least two sliding cover elements which are slidable along the front surface of the camera body. The sliding cover has a main cover element that slides along the front surface of the camera body, and an auxiliary cover element provided between the main cover element and the front surface of the camera body. The auxiliary cover element is moved in association with a movement of the main cover element in an opening direction and a closing direction to respectively increase and reduce an amount of overlap between the main cover element and the auxiliary cover element.

Abstract: In a zoom finder of a zoom lens camera, a movable variable power lens is supported to move in an optical axis direction and is moved to predetermined positions by a cam member which is driven in association with movement of the zoom lens. The cam member is provided with a groove or a projection at a reference position. The cam member is held in the reference position by a holding member which is engaged by the groove or the projection before assembling the finder to the zoom lens camera.

Abstract: In a connecting mechanism which connects two members, one of the two members is provided with an elastically deformable engaging portion, and the other member is provided with a contact surface which is brought into contact with the elastically deformable engaging portion, which is elastically deformed at a front end. The two members are engaged with each other by elastically deforming the elastically deformable engaging portion so that the latter comes into contact with the contact surface. The elastically deformable engaging portion and the contact surface are shaped such that the engagement force of the two members during a connecting operation is stronger than the engagement force when the connecting operation is completed.

Abstract: A still video device in which image signals corresponding to one frame are divided into a plurality of parts and recorded on a plurality of tracks on a magnetic disk. On a track on which an image signal forming the same frame as the other track, the same lead track number is recorded in an ID code recording area of the track. In a recording operation, the ID code is decoded, so that the lead track number is stored in a memory. When a lead track number of a track which is reproduced is coincident with the lead track number stored in the memory, the image signal of the track is stored in a predetermined area of the memory in accordance with a composing frame number. By repeating such an storing operation, all of the image signals forming one frame are reproduced. Then, the image signals are read out from the memory in a predetermined order so that the reproduced image is outputted to a display device.

Abstract: A parts feeder for feeding parts that are disposed on a carrier having a base tape and an adhesive tape. Parts are disposed above holes which are formed at equal intervals on the base tape, and the parts are held by an adhesive tape adhered to a lower surface of the base tape. The feeder includes a pitched feeding mechanism for intermittently feeding the carrier tape at a predetermined pitch, a separating mechanism for separating the adhesive tape from the base tape in synchronization with the feeding of the carrier tape at an adhesive tape separating stage, and a pressing mechanism for pressing the parts disposed on the base tape against the base tape prior to the separation of the adhesive tape from the base tape at the adhesive tape separating stage.