Abstract: An exemplary system for energy optimization in photovoltaic generators comprises a plurality of primary photovoltaic generators, a plurality of secondary photovoltaic generators, and a plurality of inverters. The secondary photovoltaic generators each comprise a plurality of photovoltaic generator blocks. The inverters are configured to convert direct voltage/current into alternating voltage/current. A first switching system is operable to selectively couple outputs of the primary generators with inputs of the inverters. A second switching system is operable to selectively couple outputs of the generator blocks with the outputs of the secondary generators. A control system is operable to automatically control the first switching system and the second switching system. An exemplary method comprises operating the control system to automatically control the two switching systems to optimize power provided to the inverters.

Abstract: A system for the manufacture of electrical coils. The system includes a control unit configured to receive measurements for the electrical coil. The system further includes a pressure head operably connected to the control unit and mounted on a support, the pressure head including a vertical axle and a horizontal axle. At least one vertical wheel is mounted on the vertical axle and positioned to accept a conductor material and regulate height and flatness in the coil being formed. At least one horizontal wheel is mounted on the horizontal axle and positioned to accept the conductor material and position the conductor material on top of a previously formed coil. At least one hydraulic cylinder is attached to the vertical and horizontal axles and configured to adjust coiling pressure exerted on the conductor material by adjusting hydraulic pressure on the axles.

Abstract: An exemplary system for energy optimization in photovoltaic generators comprises a plurality of primary photovoltaic generators, a plurality of secondary photovoltaic generators, and a plurality of inverters. The secondary photovoltaic generators each comprise a plurality of photovoltaic generator blocks. The inverters are configured to convert direct voltage/current into alternating voltage/current. A first switching system is operable to selectively couple outputs of the primary generators with inputs of the inverters. A second switching system is operable to selectively couple outputs of the generator blocks with the outputs of the secondary generators. A control system is operable to automatically control the first switching system and the second switching system. An exemplary method comprises operating the control system to automatically control the two switching systems to optimize power provided to the inverters.

Abstract: A multi-voltage power transformer for the high-voltage electricity transmission network, has a compact design and has different selectable voltage levels at the input and/or output.

Abstract: A semi-automatic system for the manufacture of large electrical induction coils comprises a table for the manufacture of coils which is worked on by means of an articulated head that exerts the necessary pressure on each of the turns in the coil and is aided by a system that tightens and feeds the conductor, being controlled by a remote programmed system wherein the relevant orders are entered for the characteristics of the coils to be manufactured. Said system makes the manufacturing cycle much shorter since it removes the need for jobs that are currently carried out by hand, such as controlling the coil size and pressing the coils, therefore achieving greater precision in the size of coil required. This process regulates and controls the mechanical tension of the conductor, avoiding the risk of stretching or distortion thereof and thus producing better quality coils.

Abstract: A method for mounting a tube in a space having a shape corresponding to the shape of the tube. The tube is inserted into the space, pressurized with a hot pressure medium causing the tube to expand until the space is filled, then a cold pressure medium is substituted for the hot pressure medium while maintaining constant pressure causing the tube to solidify in its expanded shape. Also, a rotating electric machine having such a tube between windings of a high-voltage cable in a stator slot.

Abstract: A power transformer/inductor includes at least one winding. The winding is made of a high voltage cable that includes an electric conductor, and around the electric conductor is arranged a first semiconducting layer, around the first semiconducting layer is an insulating layer, and around the insulating layer is a second semiconducting layer. The second semiconducting layer is directly earthed at both ends of the winding and furthermore at least at two points per turn of every winding such that one or more points are indirectly earthed.

Abstract: A power transformer having at least one high voltage winding and one low voltage winding. Each of the windings includes at least one current-carrying conductor, a first layer having semiconducting properties provided around said conductor, a solid insulating layer provided around said first layer, and a second layer having semiconducting properties provided around said insulating layer. The windings are intermixed such that turns of the high voltage winding are mixed with turns of the low voltage winding.

Abstract: A synchronous machine for power and/or voltage control comprises a stator with a stator winding and a rotor with a field winding. The stator winding comprises a high-voltage cable with solid insulation. A rotor has a thermally based rotor current limit intersecting with a thermally based stator current limit in a capability graph at a power factor considerably below the rated power factor or has the thermally based rotor current limit above the thermally based stator current limit. In the capability graph. Means are provided for limiting the currents in order to avoid thermal damage. In a method for power and/or voltage control of such a synchronous machine, the machine operates with the stator current exceeding the thermally based stator current limit for a certain time period less than the maxim an permissible time limit, whereafter the overload is reduced by reduction of either the active power or the field current or a combination of both.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a directionally solidified columnar grained article (3) with a reduced amount of secondary misorientation of the columnar grains with a casting assembly comprising a mold with a cavity, a selector section (1) at lower end of the mold, a heating chamber and a cooling chamber, wherein the mold is fed with a liquid metal and the mold is removed from the heating chamber to the cooling chamber and thereby the columnar grained article (3) is solidified, characterised in that the columnar grained article (3) is solidified with at least two dendrites (or grains) coming out of the selector section (1) and entering the main cavity of the shell mold in such a way that it is not possible for any dendrite or grain to grow from the bottom of the selector section (1) to the columnar grained article (3) defined by the shell mold cavity along a continuous path of purely vertical growth.

Abstract: Connection arrangements are employed for reducing the effect of third-hannonic voltages in case of direct connection of AC machines to a three-phase distribution or transmission network, wherein the stator winding of the AC machine is Y-connected and wherein the neutral point of the winding is available. An exemplary embodiment employs a suppression filter turned to the third-harmonic, with an overvoltage protection device arranged between the neutral point and ground of the power network.

Abstract: A high voltage power cable termination with a current lead, a power cable having a first tube and an outer conductor, e.g., a superconductor, whose electrically conducting properties improve at low temperatures, arranged around the first tube and intended in use to be cooled to low temperatures by cryogenic fluid flowing through the first tube, a joint for electrically connecting one end of the current lead to the conductor at one end of the cable at or adjacent to one of the first tube, and a second tube communicating with the first tube at or adjacent to the joint for conveying cryogenic fluid to or from the first tube. The first and the second tube are arranged so that, in use, no cryogenic fluid conveyed by the tubes contacts the conductor or the current lead at the joint. The invention also relates to electrical apparatus, e.g., a high voltage induction device, having such a termination.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor element (6) having a cathode (3) and an anode (5), the starting material used is a relatively thick wafer (1) to which, as a first step, a barrier region (21) is added on the anode side. It is then treated on the cathode side, and the thickness of the wafer (1) is then reduced on the side opposite to the cathode (3), and an anode (5) is produced on this side in a further step. The result is a relatively thin semiconductor element which can be produced economically and without epitaxial layers.

Abstract: An adjustable deckel profiler is disclosed, for use in apparatus for drying a moving paper web. The profiler is a slidable member which interacts with impingement air to control and adjust the air against the moving web. Means are provided for adjusting and setting the profiler relative to cross machine drying air profiling.

Abstract: A semiconductor component including a housing for a semiconductor substrate, an anode, a cathode, an annular gate electrode flange, which laterally protrudes from the housing and concentrically surrounds the housing, and an annular auxiliary cathode flange, which protrudes from the housing and makes contact with the cathode.

Abstract: In a process for melting inorganic materials (7) in a rotary horizontal converter or a rotary kiln (1) by adding fuel (8), oxygen or oxygen-enriched gases (10) and the inorganic materials (7) to a liquid bath (5), solid fuel (8) is added in piece form. The oxygen or the oxygen-enriched gas (10) is blown at high velocity (v) onto the surface of the bath (5), reacts with the solid fuel (8) and releases heat in the course of this. By means of the process of the invention, high temperatures can be achieved with the use of inexpensive fuels.

Abstract: A method for cooling the flow in radial gaps formed between rotors and stators of turbomachines, which method is improved with regard to its cooling effect. In addition, a simple, cost-effective and robust arrangement for realizing the method is to be specified. According to the invention, this is achieved in that a first cooling fluid is admitted to a stator part adjacent to the radial gap and a second, gaseous cooling fluid is introduced into the radial gap. To this end, either at least one recess is formed in the interior of the stator part adjacent to the radial gap or at least one cavity is arranged at the stator part. The recess or the cavity is connected to both a feed line and a discharge line for the first cooling fluid. In addition, at least one feed passage as well as a discharge device for the second cooling fluid are arranged at the radial gap.

Abstract: A polishing mechanism for treating a vehicle bumper incorporating with a multi-shaft robot is disclosed. A polishing wheel is rotationally attached to an end of the robot. A rotational positioning device is provided for positioning the bumper in a position within a working range of the robot. The positioning device includes a pair of racks, a main shaft rotationally arranged between the racks and capable of being positioned to a desired angle, a carrying rack arranged on the main shaft, and a plurality of holding devices arranged on the carrying rack for fixedly holding the bumper in position. A detecting device is provided for checking the worn-out of the polishing wheel for adjusting an optimum distance between the polishing wheel and the bumper. The assembly further includes a piloting gauge attached to the robot for determining an appropriate distance between the polishing wheel and the bumper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laminated magnetic core for rotating electric machines. The laminated magnetic core comprises a number of stack members (40), each consisting of a number of sheets of metal joined together. Each stack member (40) is provided with two identical grooves (42) arranged to cooperate with wedge members (46) designed to join the stack members (40). The cross-sectional area of the groove (42) is larger than the cross-sectional area of the wedge member (46) and the wedge member (46) has two protrusions arranged symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal axis of the wedge member. The groove (42) has at least one part shaped to fit said protrusion. The stack members (40) in the laminated magnetic core are stacked on and partially overlapping each other to form different layers of stack members (40).

Abstract: In a method of, and an appliance for, operating a burner (26), in which a combustion air flow (14) transports fuel into a combustion chamber (28) where the fuel is burnt, the formation of coherent flow instabilities of the combustion air flow (15) after emergence into the combustion chamber (28) is prevented by perturbation air (22) being injected into the combustion air flow (15).