Abstract: In a method for starting up a combination plant designed as a single-shaft plant with a common shafting (10) and essentially consisting of a compressor (1), a combustion chamber (2), a turbine (3), a steam turbine (5), a generator (6) and a fuel compressor (4) for compressing low-calorie fuels (12), the steam turbine (5) is started up by means of extraneous steam (33) introduced into the steam turbine. The gas turbine (1, 2, 3) is started up by means of the steam turbine (5), medium-calorie or high-calorie auxiliary fuel (21) is ignited in the combustion chamber (2) and the shafting (10) is run at nominal speed. The power required for compressing the low-calorie fuel (12) in the fuel compressor (4) is applied by means of the auxiliary fuel (21) and the extraneous steam (33) and, when there is sufficient pressure in the fuel compressor (4), a changeover is made from the auxiliary fuel (21) to the low-calorie fuel (12).

Abstract: An electrical insulator coated with electrically insulating material is disclosed. An electrically insulating material is applied on a primer coat, in which the uniformity of the applied primer coat can be checked in a comparatively simple manner. A fluorescent material is dissolved in the primer solution before being applied to the component. Once dry, the primer coat is exposed to ultraviolet light, which causes the fluorescent material to fluoresce. Points on the surface of the component where the primer defectively coats the components are optically detected from the absence of fluorescent material. Primer is then reapplied to these points.

Abstract: In a method of regulating the rotational speed of a gas turbine during load disconnection, the fuel line (8) of which to the combustion chamber (10) can be controlled via regulating valves (5) and via burner control valves (6), and the combustion chamber of which is operated with premixing burners (11), some of the premixing burners are used as idling premixing burners (11a) and the rest are operated only as main burners. During load disconnection, the main burners are shut off by means of the burner control valve (6), and the idling premixing burners are supplied with fuel via a regulated bypass line (3).

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a novel pressure-tight screwed instrumentation fitting for a pressure vessel, which screwed instrumentation fitting has, for acceptable material costs, both a low assembly cost and a small space requirement and in which the measuring lines are not damaged.According to the invention this is achieved by two axial stops (24, 25) being formed in the cap nut (13) and by a third axial stop (26) being formed in the screw-in socket (10). The cap nut (13) and the screw-in socket (10) form a common interior space (15) which is bounded axially by the second and third stops (25, 26) and in which a multi-piece sealing insert (16) is arranged. The latter consists of a pressure-bearing front part (17), an end plate (18), a sealing sleeve (19) in between with a sealing element (20) arranged therein, and also the clamping ring (21). Both the sealing sleeve (19) and the sealing element (20) are produced from a sufficiently heat-resistant, deformable material, preferably steatite.

Abstract: In a screw securing device for a screw (1) by means of which a first component (2a) and a second component (2b) are clamped together, a bushing (5a, 5b), includes a cylinder (5a) and a base (5b) which contains a bore, the bushing being arranged in a first bore (3a) of the first component (2a). The first bore (3a) opens into a smaller, second bore (3b) of the first component (2a), and said second bore (3b) is provided with a left-handed thread (8) in which there is screwed a tubular extension (5c) which is arranged coaxially with the bore in the base (5b). The screw (1) is screwed, through the bushing (5a, 5b) and the tubular extension (5c), into the second component (2b) by means of its right-handed thread (7). A cap (6a), having an insert (6b) which is connected to the screw head in a positively locking manner, is fastened on the bushing (5a, 5b) by a welding bead (4).

Abstract: In a method of exchanging a machine part of a machine plant, the machine part to be replaced being one of multiple machine parts of the machine plant, the multiple machine parts being coupled to one another and being arranged on a common table plate which is anchored, via individual supports, in the ground, and which has recesses for accommodating the machine parts, a metal frame is set up. Bearings are provided on a new machine part, and the machine part is assembled, oriented, and tested on the metal frame. A machine part to be replaced is uncoupled from the multiple machine parts. The machine part to be replaced is removed from a recess in the table plate. Ground supports for the new machine part on the metal frame are installed and anchored to the ground in the area of the recess. The new machine part is positioned on the metal frame on the metal supports. The new machine part on the metal frame is connected to the metal supports.

Abstract: In a premixing burner for the operation of an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or a firing system, which burner can be used for the combustion of fuels with very different properties, a diffuser (4) is arranged after a swirl generator (1), a convergent part (2) and a throat (3) for the supply of the fuel (9). The convergent part (2), the throat (3) and the diffuser (4) have a rotationally symmetrical configuration and the variation in cross section is adapted in such a way that no flow separation is possible at the wall. Gaseous fuels having a high flame speed are introduced counter to the swirl generated by the swirl generator (1). Gaseous fuels having a low flame speed are introduced in the same direction as the swirl generated by the swirl generator (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner (1) which is operated with a lean gas (8) (LBTU gas) and comprises at least two hollow, conical partial bodies (2, 3) which are nested in one another in the direction of flow. By offsetting the longitudinal axes of symmetry (2a, 3a) relative to one another, tangential ducts (2b, 3b) are formed through which combustion air (4) flows into the conical cavity (5). Parallel to these ducts (2b, 3b) there are further ducts (6, 7), formed by dividing walls (6a, 7a), through which the-lean gas (8) likewise flows into the conical cavity (5) at a similar rate to the combustion air (4).

Abstract: In the process for treating slag from refuse incineration plants, the crude slag, after passing through the firing grate, is separated into at least two fractions directly and without previous quenching in a water bath. These two fractions are further processed separately, the coarse fraction being fed to a wet deslagger. For optimum separation of the two fractions, the first fraction, having a particle size preferably up to 32 mm, is separated off in a first screening stage and the screen oversize of the first screening stage is fed to the wet deslagging. The screen undersize and if appropriate the material passing through the firing grate are fed to a second screening stage to separate off the fine fraction 0 . . . 2 mm. The screen oversize of the second screening stage, if appropriate after removing metallic and inert materials, is mechanically comminuted. In an optional third screening stage (8), the fine fraction 0 . . .

Abstract: A power semiconductor component is specified which provides for a significant reduction in the thickness of the semiconductor substrate (1) whilst at the same time optimizing the switching losses. A transparent emitter (6) and a stop layer (7) are arranged to provide a thin semiconductor and optimized switching losses. The means can be used both in semiconductor switches such as IGBT, MCT or GTO and in diodes.

Abstract: In a high temperature probe (10), in particular for use in the hot gas stream of a gas turbine at temperatures of up to 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for fault correction in a power converter circuit arrangement. The power converter circuit arrangement has a plurality of switch modules which consist, for their part, of a parallel circuit of semiconductor chips. The semiconductor chips are interconnected via connecting wires, preferably bonding wires. If, because of a defect, a chip forms a short circuit, the connecting wires of chip are severed by specific current pulses. The advantage resides in that a short circuit of an individual chip does not put the entire circuit arrangement out of operation.

Abstract: In a method for operating a sequentially fired gas-turbine group, during starting the inlet guide row in the compressor (12) is opened up to a maximum up to the pumping limit of the same. The ignition (2) of the first combustion chamber (13) takes place below the rated speed during idling of this gas-turbine group with the opening of the inlet guide row remaining constant, then the inlet guide row is opened further until the rated speed is reached during idling. The ignition of the second combustion chamber (15) takes place during operation at this rated speed and with the opening of the inlet guide row remaining constant. The inlet guide row is then accordingly opened further at constant rated speed until full load (6) is reached.

Abstract: A method of repairing a joint between conductor elements of a stator winding bar of an electrical machine and a connecting device connected to an end of the stator winding bar for providing electrical connection and coolant flow for the conductor elements includes the steps of removing an existing connecting device from the end of the stator winding bar; aligning the conductors of the end of the stator winding bar by heating the bar end to above the flow point of the braze holding the conductors in position while simultaneously holding the conductors of the end of the stator winding bar under compression in two orthogonal directions perpendicular to the length of the stator winding bar; forming slots in the end of the stator winding bar and at locations such that the slots extend to locations where the conductor elements abut one another; applying an electrically conductive first connecting part onto the end of the stator winding bar such that the first connecting part substantially surrounds the end of the s

Abstract: In the case of a controllable power semiconductor component, which comprises at least one planar, essentially rectangular power semiconductor chip (13), which power semiconductor chip (13) has on its top side a large-area metallization layer (14) for the large-area electrical connection to a metal mating element (17, 19), and also a separate small-area connection region for the gate connection in the form of a gate pad (16), a simplified form of the metal mating element (17, 19) and adjustment thereof are achieved by virtue of the fact that the gate pad (16) is arranged in a corner of the power semiconductor chip (13).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the detection of the current distribution in at least one conductor (W1, W2) of an electric machine are specified, which indirectly permit, in a simple manner, the metrological determination of said distribution. The conductors or Roebel bars (W1, W2) are arranged in a slot (4) of a stator laminate stack (3) of the electric machine and each has a plurality of mutually electrically insulated and transposed conductor elements (W1nl, W1nr; W2nl, W2nr). A probe holder (6) which can be displaced radially with regard to the electric machine and contains, in recesses, 2 magnetic field probes (M1, M2) with a predeterminable center-to-center distance (d) is provided, adjacent to these conductors (W1, W2) in a probe channel (17) within the slot (4). The magnetic transverse field within the slot (4) is measured using said probes.

Abstract: In a combustion chamber with at least one premixing burner (110) which is fastened by means of its burner outlet (118) to a front plate (54) bounding the combustion space of the combustion chamber (60), the gaseous fuel is introduced via gas inlet flow openings (117) arranged around a burner axis (100). The fuel is mixed with the combustion air prior to ignition. The fuel concentration at the burner outlet (118) is lower at the outer edge of the flow field generated by the premixing burner (110) than it is in the inner part of the flow field. The temperature of the combustion gases at the outer edge of the bonnet-shaped reverse-flow zone (121), which gases impinge on the combustion chamber wall (63), is lower than the average temperature of the combustion gases in the bonnet-shaped reverse-flow zone (121).

Abstract: In a device for measuring the radial blade clearance between the moving-blade tips (6) and the blade carrier (4) of thermal turbomachines with the use of a measuring needle (7) which is guided along in an opening (16) in the blade carrier (4), is accommodated by the blade carrier (4) in a seat (8), projects radially opposite the moving-blade tips (6) into the flow duct (17) and can be abraded, the measuring needle (7), at its end remaining in the blade carrier (4), is fastened to a flexible guide part (10) projecting from the machine, the other end of the guide part (10) being connected to components (11), for example a screwed socket or a hydraulic cylinder. The components (11) permit a linear movement of the guide part (10), which is surrounded outside the outer casing (5) by a flexible tube (12), and between outer casing (5) and blade carrier (4) by a rigid guide tube (14). The device is especially suitable for measuring the transient blade clearance.

Abstract: The indicating device (3) is used for signalling a faulty condition of an electrical apparatus, in particular of a surge arrester (1). It contains a sensor (resistor 10) which is located in an insulating material housing (6) and is intended for detecting a fault current flowing through the apparatus, as well as a two-piece metal housing (4) surrounding the insulating material housing (6). The sensor (10) and the insulating material housing (6) are part of a switching element (5). This switching element (5) causes the insulating material housing (6) to spring apart, by the formation of compressed gas, when the fault current occurs and displaces the two parts (shells 12, 13) of the metal housing (4), making the indicating element (16) visible and forming a DC connection which carries the fault current.

Abstract: The annular chamber of a heat generator for generating of hot gas, which is placed downstream of a fluid flow engine and upstream of a turbine, is defined by an exterior wall and an interior wall which extend approximately axially. The exterior wall and the interior wall are connected with each other by a plurality of supports extending radially. These supports have in their interior at least one supply conduit for a fuel and at least one further conduit for conveying an air flow. Furthermore, the supports also have a plurality of fuel nozzles, through which the fuel/air mixture is introduced into the annular chamber.