Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, a dispense head for a wafer processing apparatus is provided. The dispense head may include an inlet, at least one outlet, a drain, and a passageway therethrough interconnecting the inlet, the outlet, and the drain. The inlet may be at a first height above a bottom of the passageway, the outlet may be a second height above the bottom of the passageway, and the drain may be a third height above the bottom of the passageway. A first valve may be connected to the inlet, and a second valve may be connected to the drain. When the first valve is opened and the second valve is closed, fluid flows into the inlet and out of the outlet. When the second valve is opened and the first valve is closed, fluid from the passageway flows out of the drain. A pump may be connected to the drain.

Abstract: A cube used to perform optical functions in a system, such as beam splitting or polarizing, or both, is manufactured by optically contacting a coated prism with an uncoated prism. The coated prism includes a dielectric stack having alternating layers of high and low index of refraction materials. To ensure secure optical contacting between the coated prism and uncoated prism, low interface reflection, and good throughput, a contacting layer is deposited on the dielectric stack. The contacting layer can be fused silica or SiO2, which has natural compatibility with the CaF2 materials that make up the uncoated prism and the coating layers.

Abstract: A method and system of efficiently processing a discrete time input signal having a plurality of input signal samples that occur at a first clock rate into a discrete time output signal having a second clock rate that is R times the first clock rate is presented. The method includes receiving the input signal and filtering the input signal with an N-taps finite impulse response (FIR) filter having N filter coefficients. The method reduces the number of required operations and reduces computational errors in the filtering and interpolation of discrete input signals.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for non-real-time trajectory planning and real-time trajectory execution. A trajectory planning process receives data generated by high-level control software. This data defines positions and scan velocities, where multiple axis motion must be precisely synchronized. The trajectory planning process creates sequences of constant acceleration intervals that allow critical motions to be executed at maximum throughput. The output of a trajectory planning process is known as a profile. A profile executor, using the profile output by the trajectory planner process, generates continuous, synchronized, filtered, multi-axis position and acceleration commands (i.e., execution data) that drive control servos. Time intervals generated by the trajectory planner are quantized to be integer multiples of a real time clock period.

Abstract: A fluid delivery apparatus for transporting a fluid to one or more fluid handling components. The fluid delivery apparatus includes one or more modular subassemblies having an upper module, a lower module, and a base block. The upper module includes a passageway for coupling with a fluid handling component such that the upper passageway is in fluid communication with the fluid handling component. The lower module includes a lower passageway for coupling with the upper module such that the passageways are in fluid communication. The lower module includes a flow channel having a lower passageway. The base block includes a receptacle and a channel. The upper module is received within the receptacle and the lower module extends through the channel. The modular subassembly can include a spacer having a plurality of alignment apertures for aligning fluid coupling ports of the upper and lower modules. A method of using the fluid delivery apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods eliminate vibrations produced by coolant fluid flowing through a short stroke stage and prevent change in thermally-induced distortion of the short stroke stage by maintaining the temperature and temperature distribution within the short stroke stage constant regardless of actinic heat load incident on a reticle. This is done by: (1) conducting heat through the reticle and short stroke stage components, (2) radiatively transferring heat from the short stroke stage to a long stroke stage, and (3) using convection and a cooling system to dissipate heat from the long stroke stage. The short stroke stage can be magnetically levitated from the long stroke stage. This way there is no physical contact, but the long stroke stage's movements can still control the short stroke stage's movements. By not physically contacting the long stroke stage, the short stroke stage is not affected by vibrations in the long stroke stage caused by the flowing coolant.

Abstract: A cube used to perform optical functions in a system, such as beam splitting or polarizing, or both, is manufactured by optically contacting a coated prism with an uncoated prism. The coated prism includes a dielectric stack having alternating layers of high and low index of refraction materials. To ensure secure optical contacting between the coated prism and uncoated prism, low interface reflection, and good throughput, a contacting layer is deposited on the dielectric stack. The contacting layer can be fused silica or SiO2, which has natural compatibility with the CaF2 materials that make up the uncoated prism and the coating layers.

Abstract: A method for reducing the scattered light emitted through an optical element is provided that protects adhesive used to hold the optical element in place from light induced deterioration. In one- embodiment, the method includes applying a thin coating of an organoxy metallic compound to a region on an optical element where adhesive will be applied and exposing the organoxy metallic compound to ultra-violet light. Exposure to ultra-violet light converts the organoxy metallic compound to its corresponding metal oxide forming an optically inert, light absorbing coating that protects adhesive used to hold the optical element in place from light induced deterioration.

Abstract: A first set of interferometric measuring beams is used to determine a location of a patterned surface of a reticle and a reticle focus plane for a reticle that is back clamped to a reticle stage. A second set of interferometric measuring beams is used to determine a map of locations of the reticle stage during scanning in a Y direction. The two sets of interferometric measuring beams are correlated to relate the reticle focal plane to the map of the reticle stage. The information is used to control the reticle stage during exposure of a pattern on the patterned surface of the reticle onto a wafer.

Abstract: An system and method that expand emitted light from a laser beam without changing spatial coherence or producing speckle. The system includes a laser source and an optical projection system having a multiplexing device. The multiplexing device expands light emitted by laser source into plural beams having light intensity about equal to each other without changing spatial coherence. The multiplexing device has a plurality of spatially separated beam splitters positioned parallel to and on a same side of a mirror. The system further includes an illuminating optical system that focuses each of the plural beams and a projection optical system that projects an image of a mask illuminated with light output from illuminating optical system onto a substrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improved correction of intrinsic birefringence are provided. Two pairs of optical elements correct for intrinsic birefringence of optical materials. A combination of design criteria for the set of optical elements, including refractive power type, intrinsic birefringence signs, and crystal axis rotation, is used to correct for intrinsic birefringence.

Abstract: A lithography tool includes an exposure chamber and a reticle handler that exchanges a reticle being exposed as prescribed by the user of the lithography tool. The reticle handler can include a vacuum-compatible robot, a vacuum chamber to house the robot, a load-lock to input reticles and transition them from atmospheric pressure to vacuum, a processing station for processing the reticle, and a reticle library for storing at least one extra reticle so that it is quickly available for exchange during an exposure process. The robot can have a two or more handed gripper to simultaneously hold multiple reticles. This allows a first reticle to be removed from the reticle stage with a first hand and a second reticle to be loaded onto the reticle stage with a second hand, and so on, which minimizes exchange time.

Abstract: A method of chemical mechanical polishing of a metal damascene structure which includes an insulation layer having trenches on a wafer and a metal layer having a lower portion located in trenches of the insulation layer and an upper portion overlying the lower portion and the insulation layer is provided. The method comprises a first step of planarizing the upper portion of the metal layer and a second step of polishing the insulation layer and the lower portion of the metal layer. In the first step of planarizing the upper portion of the metal layer, the wafer and a polishing pad is urged at an applied pressure p and a relative velocity v in a contact mode between the wafer and the polishing pad to promote an increased metal removal rate. In the second, the insulation layer and the lower portion of the metal layer are polished in a steady-state mode to form individual metal lines in the trenches with minimal dishing of the metal lines and overpolishing of the insulation layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of maintaining a time-constant heat load on a lithography mirror. The mirror includes a resistive layer formed on a substrate, contacts for coupling a power supply to the resistive layer, an insulating sublayer formed on the resistive layer, a polished layer formed on the insulating layer, and a reflective layer formed on the polished layer. The time-constant heat load on the lithography mirror is maintained by placing an additional electrical heat load on the mirror according to the actinic heat load transmitted by the mask. Maintaining the time-constant heat load can reduce or eliminate variation in image distortion that occurs as a result of changes in actinic heat load on the lithography mirror. Independent temperature control can be used to mitigate “cold-edge effect.

Abstract: A system for microlithography comprises an illumination source; an illumination optical system including, in order from an objective side, (a) a first diffractive optical element that receives illumination from the illumination source, (b) a zoom lens, (c) a second diffractive optical element, (d) a condenser lens, (e) a relay lens, and (f) a reticle, and a projection optical system for imaging the reticle onto a substrate, wherein the system for microlithography provides a zoomable numerical aperture.

Abstract: A method of depositing a dielectric film exhibiting a low dielectric constant in a semiconductor and/or integrated circuit by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is provided. The film is deposited using an organosilicon precursor in a manner such that the film is comprised of a backbone made substantially of Si—O—Si or Si—N—Si groups with organic side groups attached to the backbone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithography apparatus using catadioptric exposure optics that projects high quality images without image flip. The lithography apparatus includes a reticle stage, a wafer stage, and a catadioptric exposure optics located between the reticle stage and the wafer stage. The catadioptric exposure optics projects an image from the reticle stage onto the wafer stage. The projected image has the same image orientation as the image from the reticle stage. In other words, the catadioptric exposure optics does not perform image flip. The reticle stage lies on a first plane and the wafer stage lies on a second plane, where the first plane is orthogonal to the second plane. In another embodiment of the present invention, the catadioptric exposure optics projects an even number of reflections. The projected image is of high precision and lacks aberrations such as perspective warping and obscured areas.

Abstract: Electromagnetic energy is emitted from an illumination source of a lithography device. A portion of the emitted electromagnetic energy passes through an illumination optics module. The illumination optics module includes a one-dimensional optical transform element having a pupil plane. An aperture device having an adjustable aperture is located proximate to the pupil plane so that a portion of the electromagnetic energy received by the one-dimensional optical transform element passes through the aperture of the aperture device. The angular distribution of the electromagnetic energy passing through the illumination optics module is adjusted as a function of illumination field position using the aperture device, thereby improving line width control in the lithography device.

Abstract: A system and method for improving line width control in a lithography device are presented. Electromagnetic energy is emitted from an illumination source and passed through illumination optics. The illumination optics include a partial coherence adjuster having a first and second optical element. The first optical element is used for changing the partial coherence of incident electromagnetic energy in a predetermined manner to compensate for horizontal and vertical line biases of the lithography device. The second optical element is used for changing the angular distribution of electromagnetic energy incident upon the first optical element. Together, the two optical elements are used to vary the partial coherence of the electromagnetic energy emitted by the illumination source, as a function of illumination field position, and improve line width control. Adjustment of the second optical element allows for correction of time-dependant line width variances.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus for management of reaction loads in a lithography system is described. An isolated structure is supported by a non-isolated structure. The isolated structure supports a moveable stage. A linear motor includes a first linear motor element and a second linear motor element. The first linear motor element is coupled to the moveable stage. A plurality of parallel flexure plates mount the second linear motor element on the isolated structure. A flexure rod is coupled between the non-isolated structure and the second linear motor element.