Abstract: A human test that is based on a human conceptual capability. A human test according to the present techniques includes posing a question that is selected to exercise a human conceptual capability, obtaining an answer to the question, and comparing the answer to a correct answer that would be rendered by a human being.
Abstract: Techniques for defense against unwanted communications by striking back against the beneficiaries of the unwanted communications include identifying a communication channel to a beneficiary of an unwanted communication and sending a communication via the communication channel to the beneficiary such that the communication imposes a cost to the beneficiary. The cost to the beneficiary may be used to deter further unwanted communication from the beneficiary.
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