Abstract: As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the health monitoring system 100 of one embodiment includes an electromagnetic transmitter 110 configured to transmit an electromagnetic signal towards a target body region on a user; an electromagnetic receiver 120 configured to receive reflected energy from a target body region on a user; a calibration sensor 130 that measures reference cardiovascular-related parameters of a user (such as vessel pressure, stiffness, or motion); and an activity sensor 140 configured to detect the activity state of a user. The system also includes an attachment mechanism 150 for fixing the electromagnetic transmitter, electromagnetic receiver, calibration sensor and activity sensor to the user; and a stand-off mechanism 160 for fixing the electromagnetic transmitter and electromagnetic receiver at a known standoff distance from a target body region on the user.

Abstract: A wearable health monitoring system includes one or more RF electromagnetic transmitters (30-300 GHz) configured to transmit RF signals towards the skin over the artery of a user, one or more RF electromagnetic receivers configured to receive a reflected RF signals from a target body region on a user. A system has an attachment mechanism and standoff mechanism position the one or more RF transmitters and receivers relative to the target body region on the user at a known stand-off distance. The reflected signals and the transmitted signal are use to create an Intermediate Frequency signal which is used to determine a composite waveform via Principal Component Analysis, or other Dimensionality Reduction technique.

Abstract: A system and method for evaluating cardiovascular-related health of a user including an RF sensor device configured to transmit incident pulse signals towards the user, and to receive reflected pulse signals for generating a reflected pulse signal dataset, a pulse signal modification module configured to modify the reflected pulse signal dataset, and a processing system communicably coupled to the RF sensor device and the pulse signal modification module, the processing system configured to generate a cardiovascular parameter for the user based on the modified reflected pulse signal dataset.

Abstract: A method of measuring a patient's blood pressure non-invasively considers the shape of the waveform to accurately estimate the patient's invasive systolic and diastolic blood pressure, or alternatively accurately predict the patient's hypertension classification. The method can be implemented in a clinical setting or within a wearable device.

Abstract: Central blood pressure parameters are monitored using a smart watch or smart band. A PPG sensor on the smart watch or smart band is adapted to sense blood perfusion in the finger (or lower wrist/radial artery) of the person wearing the smart watch or smart band. The PPG signal captures cardiovascular features which can be detected after proper filtering and processing. Signal processing, using the transfer function method, results in an un-calibrated central pressure waveform, which can be used to calculate various cardiovascular parameters or indicators of the parameters that are displayed on the smart watch or smart band. Digital signal processing can be implemented on the smart watch or smart band, on a smart phone, laptop or in the Cloud.

Abstract: A method for determining a calibrated aortic pressure waveform from a brachial cuff waveform involves the use of one or more generalized transfer functions. The one or more generalized transfer functions are specific for predetermined brachial cuff pressure ranges, such as below diastolic pressure, between diastolic and systolic pressure, and above systolic pressure. The brachial cuff is inflated to a pressure within the pressure range appropriate for the generalized transfer function to be applied to the brachial cuff waveform to generate the aortic pressure waveform. In some circumstances, it may be necessary to use a calibration transfer function to generate a calibrated aortic waveform. In other circumstances, the calibration transfer function is not necessary.

Abstract: A method of measuring a patient's systolic and diastolic brachial blood pressure non-invasively with a brachial cuff considers the shape of a patient's peripheral waveform (e.g., the cuff volumetric displacement waveform) to recalibrate the height of the waveform. The maximum and minimum values of the recalibrated waveform correlate to and closely estimate counterpart values for invasively measured brachial systolic and diastolic pressure.

Abstract: Central systolic and diastolic pressures are measured non-invasively using a peripheral sensor to capture a patient's peripheral pulse waveform. Either the peripheral pulse waveform or a central pressure waveform generated, e.g., using a transfer method is recalibrated to account for differences between non-invasively measured systolic and diastolic pressure and invasively measured systolic and diastolic pressure. The recalibration is based, at least in part, on cardiovascular features of the patient's waveform. The determined central systolic and diastolic pressure values can be used to generate a corrected central pressure waveform having cardiovascular features preserved and maximum and minimum values set to the determined values.

Abstract: A method of measuring a patient's blood pressure non-invasively considers the shape of the waveform to accurately estimate the patient's invasive systolic and diastolic blood pressure, or alternatively accurately predict the patient's hypertension classification. The method can be implemented in a clinical setting or within a wearable device.

Abstract: Central systolic and diastolic pressures are measured non-invasively using a peripheral sensor to capture a patient's peripheral pulse waveform. Either the peripheral pulse waveform or a central pressure waveform generated, e.g., using a transfer method is recalibrated to account for differences between non-invasively measured systolic and diastolic pressure and invasively measured systolic and diastolic pressure. The recalibration is based, at least in part, on cardiovascular features of the patient's waveform. The determined central systolic and diastolic pressure values can be used to generate a corrected central pressure waveform having cardiovascular features preserved and maximum and minimum values set to the determined values.

Abstract: A method of measuring a patient's systolic and diastolic brachial blood pressure non-invasively with a brachial cuff considers the shape of a patient's peripheral waveform (e.g., the cuff volumetric displacement waveform) to recalibrate the height of the waveform. The maximum and minimum values of the recalibrated waveform correlate to and closely estimate counterpart values for invasively measured brachial systolic and diastolic pressure.

Abstract: A method for determining a calibrated aortic pressure waveform from a brachial cuff waveform involves the use of one or more generalized transfer functions. The one or more generalized transfer functions are specific for predetermined brachial cuff pressure ranges, such as below diastolic pressure, between diastolic and systolic pressure, and above systolic pressure. The brachial cuff is inflated to a pressure within the pressure range appropriate for the generalized transfer function to be applied to the brachial cuff waveform to generate the aortic pressure waveform. In some circumstances, it may be necessary to use a calibration transfer function to generate a calibrated aortic waveform. In other circumstances, the calibration transfer function is not necessary.

Abstract: A method for determining a calibrated aortic pressure waveform from a brachial cuff waveform involves the use of one or more generalized transfer functions. The one or more generalized transfer functions are specific for predetermined brachial cuff pressure ranges, such as below diastolic pressure, between diastolic and systolic pressure, and above systolic pressure. The brachial cuff is inflated to a pressure within the pressure range appropriate for the generalized transfer function to be applied to the brachial cuff waveform to generate the aortic pressure waveform. In some circumstances, it may be necessary to use a calibration transfer function to generate a calibrated aortic waveform. In other circumstances, the calibration transfer function is not necessary.

Abstract: The system provides information to facilitate efficient optimization of programmer settings for cardiac pacemakers. It simultaneously measures a patient's electrogram (EGM) and peripheral blood pressure (or volumetric displacement) waveform in order to calculate, in real-time and non-invasively, a value correlated to the pre-ejection time (PET) and, optionally, ejection duration (ED) for the patient's left ventricle. The peripheral pulse waveform can be monitored with a wrist mounted tonometer, or a suitable brachial cuff device. The time difference between the occurrence of the first detected positive or negative peak in a patient's LV electrogram trace (EGM) and the foot of the pulse on the peripheral pulse waveform is defined as a surrogate pre-ejection time interval (SPET).

Abstract: A method for determining a calibrated aortic pressure waveform from a brachial cuff waveform involves the use of one or more generalized transfer functions. The one or more generalized transfer functions are specific for predetermined brachial cuff pressure ranges, such as below diastolic pressure, between diastolic and systolic pressure, and above systolic pressure. The brachial cuff is inflated to a pressure within the pressure range appropriate for the generalized transfer function to be applied to the brachial cuff waveform to generate the aortic pressure waveform. In some circumstances, it may be necessary to use a calibration transfer function to generate a calibrated aortic waveform. In other circumstances, the calibration transfer function is not necessary.

Abstract: A method for determining a calibrated aortic pressure waveform from a brachial cuff waveform involves the use of one or more generalized transfer functions. The one or more generalized transfer functions are specific for predetermined brachial cuff pressure ranges, such as below diastolic pressure, between diastolic and systolic pressure, and above systolic pressure. The brachial cuff is inflated to a pressure within the pressure range appropriate for the generalized transfer function to be applied to the brachial cuff waveform to generate the aortic pressure waveform. In some circumstances, it may be necessary to use a calibration transfer function to generate a calibrated aortic waveform. In other circumstances, the calibration transfer function is not necessary.

Abstract: The system provides information to facilitate efficient optimization of programmer settings for cardiac pacemakers. It simultaneously measures a patient's electrocardiogram and peripheral blood pressure (or volumetric displacement) waveform in order to calculate, in real-time and non-invasively, a value correlated to the pre-ejection time (PET) and, optionally, ejection duration (ED) for the patient's left ventricle. The peripheral pulse waveform can be monitored with a wrist mounted tonometer, or a suitable brachial cuff device. The time difference between the occurrence of the R-wave on the ECG trace and the foot of the pulse on the radial blood pressure waveform is defined as a surrogate pre-ejection time interval (SPET).

Abstract: The system provides information to facilitate efficient optimization of programmer settings for cardiac pacemakers. It simultaneously measures a patient's electrocardiogram and peripheral blood pressure (or volumetric displacement) waveform in order to calculate, in real-time and non-invasively, a value correlated to the pre-ejection time (PET) and, optionally, ejection duration (ED) for the patient's left ventricle. The peripheral pulse waveform can be monitored with a wrist mounted tonometer, or a suitable brachial cuff device. The time difference between the occurrence of the R-wave on the ECG trace and the foot of the pulse on the radial blood pressure waveform is defined as a surrogate pre-ejection time interval (SPET).

Abstract: A method for determination of cardiac output from a recording of an arterial pressure waveform (10). The method comprises the steps of measuring the patient's peripheral arterial pressure relative to time in order to estimate a central pressure waveform (CPW) and calculating the patient's cardiac output from the CPW using the Water Hammer formula (as defined herein).

Abstract: A method of estimating blood pressure Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) in the aorta from a recording of a pressure waveform at a single site. The method comprises the following steps: 1. measuring the patient's arterial pressure relative to time in order to estimate a central pressure waveform (CPW); 2. estimating the patient's aortic pressure pulse transit time (PPTT) from the CPW; 3. estimating the patient's carotid to femoral arterial distance from the patient's physical characteristics; and 4. dividing the patient's estimated carotid to femoral arterial distance by the patient's estimated PPTT to estimate the patient's PWV.