Abstract: Method and apparatus for the distillation of liquids which is particularly suited for the removal of soluble impurities and insoluble and non-volatile particles of 10 microns to 0.2 micron or less in size. A substantially elongated distillation chamber having walls equipped with axially disposed concentric boiling rings spaced from the walls near the bottom, and a packing stop, packing redirector rings for condensed vapor, and a reflux condenser in the upper part of the distillation chamber provide, during distillation, a smooth convective upward flow of distilling liquid and vapor proximate the walls and boiling rings and a smooth convective downward flow of distilling liquid and vapor substantially centrally of the distillation chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distillation method and an apparatus for the concentration and purification of water-containing liquid chemicals. The distillation is performed using constant, predetermined distillation parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distillation method and an apparatus for the concentration and purification of water-containing liquid chemicals. The distillation is performed using constant, predetermined distillation parameters.

Abstract: Disclosed is an atomic absorbtion spectrophotometer method and apparatus, for automated real time analysis of an analyte in a continuous process stream. The apparatus comprises a sample arm for delivering a quantity of sample from a sample cup to a sample atomizer. The sample cup is in valved communication with each of a source of fluid sample and a source of wash solution. In a preferred embodiment, the sample cup is additionally in valved communication with a source of a reference control. Additionally disclosed is an easily serviceable sample atomizer, having a tungsten coil heating element removably secured therein.