Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the observation of a number of objects, which move in a space monitored by a number of sensors, are recorded by the sensors and followed with continuous updating of at least the sensor track defining the kinematics of the object, whereby those provided sensor tracks amongst the sensor tracks from various sensors, which correspond to the same object are automatically assigned to a system track. In order to improve the method with regard to an efficient assignment of the sensor tracks, which is reliable, has a reduced error probability and runs essentially automatically, an assignment of a sensor track to at least one system track is always carried out if a decision on the non-correspondence to the system track can not be securely taken. Subsequently, assigned sensor tracks are continuously monitored for the continued assignment thereof to the assigned system track and on determining the non-correspondence thereof, are removed from said system track.

Abstract: A method for assuring safety during firing exercises with live ammunition by mobile skirmish participants (11, 11?) practicing under combat conditions in an enclosed practice range (10) that is monitored from a monitoring center (14), to protect all participants (11, 11?) from being shot by firing participants (11). The instantaneous positions of the participants (11, 11?) are continuously determined, and transmitted to a monitoring center (14) wherein the transmitted positions and movement regions derived therefrom for all participants (11, 11?), and the positions of stationary objects (13) that are present, are used to calculate current, authorized firing sectors (38) for the firing participants (11) and are individually transmitted to the firing participants (11). For each firing participant (11), the instantaneous weapon setting (39) is compared to the assigned firing sectors (38), and firing authorization is only given if the instantaneous weapon setting (39) lies within these firing sectors (38).

Abstract: A system for measuring unevenness formed by grooves and/or long waves in a surface of an object by using a measuring platform. The system moves the object and the measuring platform relative to each other and projects from the measuring platform a light streak that extends in a direction of the movement onto a surface of the object at a fixed projection angle that is tilted relative to a surface normal of the surface. The light streak is reproduced on a planar, position-sensitive photo receiver with a plurality of successive instantaneous exposures of the photo receiver, where the photo receiver is fixedly arranged on the measuring platform with a recording angle that is tilted relative to the fixed projection angle. The system records the surface along the direction of the movement with a plurality of continuous light-streak images and determines a surface profile of the surface along the direction of the movement from deformations in the plurality of the light-streak images.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite ultrasonic transducer having transducer elements comprising piezoelectric ceramic, with the elements being dispersed in plastic and radiating essentially in the longitudinal direction. To reduce production costs, in several method steps, a plurality of flat ceramic bodies (20) having a plurality of parallel, slot-like openings (21) that are closed on all sides are inserted into a casting mold (25), and the casting mold (25) is filled with plastic (26). After hardening, the resulting ingot (28) is unmolded, and, on the unmolded ingot (28), the ceramic material (26) on the end surfaces away from one another and extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the openings (21) is removed to the point that the plastic material (26) imbedded in the openings (21) is exposed at the end surfaces (211).

Abstract: A matching amplifier for an induction probe which detects low-frequency alternating magnetic fields of floating bodies propagating in water. The matching amplifier has an isolating amplifier and a frequency response-determining network, with the network being provided with a frequency pass region having a band-pass characteristic and an integrating response in the band pass for the purpose of canceling the decorrelation of the measuring values emitted by the induction probe, with the integrating response being matched to compensate for the decorrelation of the measuring signal of the induction probe generated by the differentiating effect of the induction probe.

Abstract: The device for simulating longitudinal and transverse accelerations on a vehicle compartment has a first motion level for longitudinal displacement of the compartment and, placed on top of the former, a second motion level for transverse displacement of the compartment. To simplify the construction in the interests of low production costs and to allow large mechanical loads to be applied while keeping the height of the assembly low, a pair of bogies configured at a fixed longitudinal distance from one another can run in each level on the appropriate one of two parallel tracks. Each track of the mutually perpendicular pairs is at least in the front and rear track regions uniformly ascending. The second motion level directly accommodates the vehicle compartment.

Abstract: A probe for the detection of alternating magnetic fields has a highly permeable probe core (10) and a measuring winding (11) surrounding the probe core, with the measuring winding being put together of several coils (111, 112, 113) which are connected in series. In order to produce a probe which is suitable for the detection of extremely low-frequency alternating magnetic fields from a minimum distance commonly required for the detection of floating bodies that emit such alternating fields, the probe core (10) is put together from flat strips (16) of amorphous or microcrystalline magnetizable material with insulating strips (17) disposed in-between. The coils of the measuring winding (11) are configured as self-supporting coils, preferably as self-bonding wire coils, and surround the probe core (10) with almost no clearance.

Abstract: A drag antenna for a sonar system for detecting and/or locating sources of sound in water includes at least two acoustically sensitive lines positioned side-by-side and laterally spaced apart during a trailing operation. The lines are secured to each other at the leading ends and at the trailing ends by respective connecting element in order to lower the production costs for the drag antenna and to achieve a sufficiently constant lateral spacing between the acoustically sensitive lines.

Abstract: An electro-acoustical transducer arrangement for underwater antennas comprised of a plurality of hydrophones (10) which are arranged at equal distances in a linear array, and are to be disposed vertically above each other on a support. For reasons of a simplified assembly along with good receiving properties, the hydrophones (10), together with a reflector (11) disposed behind them in the direction of incoming sound, are embedded in an acoustically transparent rigid cast enclosure (20) of an elastomer, preferably polyurethane, which can be worked in a casting process. The connecting lines (12) of the hydrophones (10) of the enclosure 20 are combined in a common plug (13), which is accessible on a front end of the rigid cast enclosure (20). The rigid cast enclosure (20) is provided with devices for fastening the enclosure to the support.

Abstract: A method is provided for measuring the acoustic backscatter property of the floor of a body of water in which an acoustic multibeam echosounder employed on a ship is used to measure the sonic backscattered from a narrow transmission target strip on the sea floor that extends essentially vertically beneath the center of the transmitting antenna, transversely to the travel direction of the ship and which is successively exposed to sonic pulses by the transmitting apparatus. The measured backscatter is converted into sonic backscatter values allocated to receiving strips (115) of the multibeam echosounder. Calibration curves are constructed for all floor elements along the course line of the ship by echosounder measurements during a calibrating operation following a 90.degree. pivot of the echosounder around the vertical axis of the ship.

Abstract: Frequency-modulated wave trains are used in target locating by means of transmitted pulses and evaluation of portions reflected by the target in relation to bearing, distance and speed, wherein the pulse length and bandwidth of the transmitted pulse are pre-selected. The received signals are evaluated in Doppler channels by calculation of the ambiguity function. To make possible an increase in accuracy of the speed determination with the same number of Doppler channels, the frequency of the wave train within the bandwidth is calculated in accordance with an irrational function, the exponent of which has a value between 0 and 1. The smaller the value, while keeping the same pulse length, the greater the Doppler sensitivity. This method for modulating the wave train in the transmitted pulse can be advantageously employed for target identification by means of sound waves and electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: For mapping and exploring bodies of water, fan depth finders are used that emit ultrasound pulses and receive-echo pulses in a number of tightly-bundled receiving sectors. Because the predominant number of receiving directions is oriented diagonally downward instead of straight down, these ultrasound pulses propagate on bent paths due to sound refraction. Sound refraction is caused by different sound velocity layers, the precise knowledge of which is necessary for determining an average sound velocity. The method of the present invention does not require a separate measuring probe to measure the sound velocity at different depths; rather, the average sound velocity is determined using a regression method based on the travel time measurements of the ultrasound pulses. In this method, first the floor profile that forms the basis of the measured travel times is determined with an assumed average sound velocity and compared with a floor profile model composed of partial functions modeled in a specific manner.

Abstract: A method for classifying vehicles passing a predetermined waypoint, for a refined classification within specific vehicle categories such as tracked or wheeled vehicle categories, where the distance to the vehicle passing the waypoint is continuously actively optically measured along a measuring line extending through the waypoint, from a fixed measuring location disposed transversely on the side of the road, and the speed of the vehicle passing the waypoint is additionally measured. The spatial distance between the measured values in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is determined from the vehicle speed and the measuring frequency, and a measurement profile of the undercarriage of the vehicle is created by plotting the measured values spaced at the specific spatial distance in the direction of the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A method of determining depth values for the bottom profile of a body of water from pulse transit times and sounding directions by means of a fan beam echo sounder that measures transversely to the longitudinal axis of the ship, whose transducer array is installed at an angle obliquely to the vertical elevation axis of the ship and wherein the pulse transit times are measured and stored in association with the sounding directions, with the sounding directions .alpha..sub.oi being calculated from data furnished by the transducer array and by the transducer signals as well as by means of a predeterminable sound velocity c.sub.o at the surface of the transducer array. For each transducer array, selected depth values are determined in the vertical sounding direction .alpha..sub.ov and in a sounding direction .alpha..sub.On that is normal to the plane of the transducer array. Estimated depth values for an estimated profile are determined for all remaining sounding directions .alpha..sub.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for guiding an acoustic torpedo toward a ship selected as target which, as a defence against torpedoes drags noise generating decoys (so-called disturbance generators) wherein the torpedo is acoustically guided toward the noise source having the greatest noise level for the torpedo. As the torpedo approaches the noise source a check is made for the presence of a wake, and after detection of a wake in the immediate vicinity of the noise source during passage of the torpedo underneath the noise source, a check is made for the minimum expanse of the noise source in the vertical and travelling direction of the torpedo. The torpedo is set to search for a further noise source if no wake is detected or if a wake is detected in the vicinity of the noise source but a predetermined minimum expanse for the noise source is not detected.

Abstract: A device for detecting deformations in the surface of a workpiece includes a light source for illuminating the surface of the workpiece; a detector situated at a fixed predetermined distance from the light source and a displacing arrangement for effecting a relative movement between the workpiece and the light source. The detector comprises a photoreceiver for receiving reflected light from the workpiece and for generating a first output signal having a frequency dependent from the deformation of the workpiece. The photoreceiver is position-sensitive perpendicularly to a direction of the relative movement. A frequency analyzer is operatively connected to the receiver for receiving the first output signal from the photoreceiver and for generating a second output signal when the frequency of the first output signal exceeds a cutoff frequency.

Abstract: An optoelectronic viewing system for imaging a field of view on a monitor includes a telescope for generating an optical image of the field of view, a scanning device for electronically scanning the optical image and an electronic evaluation unit for processing the scanning signals and displaying the image on the monitor. In order to create a field of view which is large enough for surveillance with a long-range viewing system that has sufficient resolution, a mirror system for pivoting the direction of beam incidence in the vertical and horizontal direction is placed ahead of the telescope. The mirror system is driven for reproducibly and consecutively passing through a succession of fixed predetermined pivoted positions. The scanned image signals obtained from the individual pivoted positions are combined into a field of view.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compensating sensitivity fluctuations in signals received from respective groups of hydrophones for the purpose of subsequent signal processing, the groups being arranged in a predetermined sequence (0, 1, 2, . . . i) to form a transducer arrangement, wherein the received signals are influenced by the sensitivity of the hydrophones and/or the gain of preamplifiers connected to the outputs of the hydrophones. The energy value (W.sub.i) for the received signals of each group of hydrophones is determined and a median energy curve (W.sub.m (.theta.)) is derived from the energy values (W.sub.i) as a function of the sequence of the groups of hydrophones. A correction value is formed for the signals received from each group of hydrophones from a comparison of the respective energy value (W.sub.i) with the energy curve (W.sub.m (.theta.)) and the received signals are corrected with the correction value.