Abstract: A limited slip differential having at least one cone clutch element for frictionally engaging an interior surface of the rotatable differential casing. The cone clutch element has a plurality of clutch engagement surfaces which are disposed about the outside surface of the cone clutch element. Recessed areas are interposed between the clutch engagement surfaces.

Abstract: A controllable differential having a rotatable casing, differential gearing disposed within the rotatable casing and linking the casing with an output element disposed therein, a clutch disposed within the rotatable casing and clutch adapted to transfer torque between the rotatable casing and the output element, and an electromagnet arranged to generate a generally toroidal magnetic flux path encircling the electromagnet and magnetically forcing the clutch into engagement with the rotatable casing, the casing including a nonmagnetic portion adjacent the electromagnet, said flux path surrounding the nonmagnetic casing portion.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated limited slip differential which can be configured to be either speed and torque sensitive or speed sensitive. The differential includes a hydraulic pump mechanism comprising a plurality of fluid supply passages disposed in a side gear and in fluid communication with a cavity defined by the side gear and a piston. The hydraulic pump mechanism transfers fluid into the cavity in response to meshing rotation between the pinion gears and the side gears. Sufficiently high differentiation between the output shafts increases the pressure in the cavity to increase frictional pressure between a frictional clutch mechanism and the differential casing to provide braking action between the side gears and the differential casing. The angular relationship between the clutch surfaces of the clutch mechanism and the differential casing may be configured such that the side gear separating forces and hydraulic pressure act in either a reinforcing or opposing manner.

Abstract: A controllable differential having a clutch mechanism which transfers a predetermined amount of torque between a rotatable differential casing and a side gear when an initiating force is applied by an electronic actuator. A pair of sensors provide inputs to the electronic actuator which, in turn, actuates an electromagnet. A clutch mechanism is actuated by the electromagnet and applies an initiating force to the clutch mechanism to initially actuate the clutch mechanism when a predetermined relative rotational condition of the side gears is sensed. The application of the initiating force in combination with the interaction between engagement surfaces and between camming portions fully engages a clutch mechanism to transfer a predetermined controllable amount of torque.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated limited slip differential which transfers a predetermined amount of clutch torque each time the clutch mechanism is triggered. The differential includes a hydraulic pump mechanism comprising a plurality of fluid supply passages disposed in a side gear and in fluid communication with a cavity defined by the side gear and the clutch mechanism. The hydraulic pump mechanism transfers fluid into the cavity in response to meshing rotation between the pinion gears and the side gears. Sufficiently high differentiation between the output shafts increases the pressure in the cavity to trigger the frictional clutch mechanism with the differential casing to provide braking action between the side gears and the differential casing. The clutch mechanism includes a cone clutch element having a frusto-conical engagement surface which frictionally engages an insert having a complementary frusto-conical engagement surface.

Abstract: A speed sensitive limited slip differential having a sealed, self contained clutch actuator which expands and retracts as required to frictionally seat a clutch element against a surface of the differential casing. The clutch actuator comprises a housing portion and a piston portion which define two fluid chambers and a gerotor pump assembly contained therein for transferring fluid between the two fluid chambers. The gerotor pump assembly is splined to an output element to transfer fluid between the two chambers when sufficient differential rotation between the output element and the casing exists. The transfer of fluid between the two chambers results in the axial expansion of the actuator housing and the actuator piston to provide an axial force on a side gear to thereby frictionally seat the clutch element against a surface of the differential casing. The sealed, self contained feature allows the present limited slip differential to operate in a simple, reliable manner.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a limited slip differential, including a casing having a first clutch surface and at least two case parts, including a first case part and a second case part. An axle receiving side gear is disposed in the casing. A cone clutch associated with the side gear is disposed generally concentrically about a longitudinal axis and has a second clutch surface generally parallel with the first clutch surface. The second clutch surface is disposed at an angle of between about 3.degree. and 7.degree. relative to the longitudinal axis. A biasing device, such as a plurality of compression springs, biasingly engages the second clutch surface with the first clutch surface, and effects a preload force of between about -200 to +500 pounds against the side gear in a direction generally parallel to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A planetary drive assembly for a vehicle is disclosed which includes a wheel mounting spindle. A stationary mounting hub surrounds a portion of the spindle and is fixed to the frame of a vehicle. Wheel bearings are provided between the hub and the spindle which permit rotation of the wheel mounting spindle relative to the mounting hub. A power input shaft is axially mounted with respect to an axial opening in the mounting spindle, and a planetary gear train is provided between the power input shaft and the mounting spindle. A coupling gear is provided between the planetary gear train and the spindle which is adapted to selectively connect and disconnect the spindle to and from the planetary gear train and the power input so that the spindle is capable of being disconnected from the power source and the gear train. When the vehicle is towed, therefore, it may be towed at normal highway speeds since rotation of the spindle does not cause rotation of the gear train.

Abstract: A limited slip differential for an axle system of a vehicle is disclosed which includes internal clutches for connecting a slipping wheel to the drive input of the differential. The differential is also responsive to inertia forces on the vehicle during hard cornering to prevent slippage of the inside wheel during cornering.

Abstract: Spring retainer plates for a slip limiting differential are disclosed. Each retainer plate is paired with a similar retainer plate and is adapted to exert a preload on the side gear clutching mechanism of the differential by coil springs interposed between the plates. Each retainer plate has a transverse wall which is generally parallel to the axis of the pinion shaft and has parallel side walls. Each parallel side wall has a generally circular aperture through which the pinion shaft passes. By providing a complete circle of metal around the pinion shaft, plate deformation or breakage is minimized.

Abstract: An improved quick disengagement apparatus is provided for selectively altering the positioning of an axially translatable member between an axially biased first position and a second position in opposition to said axial bias, and for releasably locking said translatable member in at least said second position. The mechanism is especially adapted for use with power wheel hub assemblies, such as may be commonly employed in vehicles and agricultural implements or the like, in which provisions are to be made for disengaging the hub from an associated power shaft. The apparatus in accordance with the present invention provides a housing, mountable to the hub assembly, which carries an axial plunger, engageable with a distal end of the axially translatable power shaft, and a transverse release plunger, acting under a yieldable bias to interlock with the axial plunger to retain the axial plunger in a position whereat the power shaft is disengaged from the hub assembly.

Abstract: Limited slip differential mechanisms and assembly techniques therefore are disclosed providing enhanced strength and durability without increase in over all size. Positioning the parting plane of a two part differential mechanism case outside the chain of elements transmitting the torque through the differential mechanism while at the same time increasing the size of side and pinion gears within the case and modifying both the case interior machining technique and the technique for assembling the components within the case yields the strength and durability advantages.