Abstract: A system and method for rapid lithium ion battery charging are provided. The method for rapid charging a lithium ion battery may include generating a reduced order electrochemical model (ROM) of the lithium ion battery in which a state-of-charge (SOC) model, a side reaction model and a degradation model are embedded. The method may further include calculating an SOC, a side reaction rate, and a lithium plating rate from the ROM. The method may further include generating a charging protocol based on the SOC and a required SOC, and applying the charging protocol to the lithium ion battery.