Abstract: Herein is disclosed synthetic oligonucleotides comprising 2?F-ANA nucleosides that can be utilized to control plant-chewing and phloem-feeding insects, bacteria present in such insects, and bacteria present in plants. The novel approaches and materials provided herein allow for reduction of pesticide and antibiotic use without the need to create genetically modified plants.

Abstract: Herein is disclosed synthetic oligonucleotides comprising 2?F-ANA nucleosides that can be utilized to control plant-chewing and phloem-feeding insects, bacteria present in such insects, and bacteria present in plants. The novel approaches and materials provided herein allow for reduction of pesticide and antibiotic use without the need to create genetically modified plants.

Abstract: Modulation of microRNAs against myotonic dystrophy type 1 and antagonists of microRNAs therefor. The invention provides the use of inhibitors of microRNAs repressors of MBNL1 and/or MBNL2 genes for the manufacture of a medicinal product for the treatment of myotonic dystrophy 1. Inhibiting these microRNAs allows to increase the endogenous levels of the corresponding proteins MBNL1 and/or MBNL2, thereby alleviating symptoms of the disease, especially when inhibiting repressors that are expressed in the main affected organs: skeletal muscle, heart or organs of the central nervous system. The inhibition of the microRNAs miR-23b-3p and miR-218-5p is preferred. It also provides oligoribonucleotide or oligoribonucleotide analogue antagonists suitable therefor, preferably antagomiRs directed against the microRNAs mentioned with chemical modifications that enhance their interaction with the target, their stability in vivo and their ability to penetrate into the cells and distribute throughout tissues and organs.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for enhancing or upregulating utrophin protein production and methods for treating myopathies, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Specifically, the invention relates to compositions, such as oligonucleotides, and methods for enhancing or upregulating utrophin in a subject by blocking binding of let-7c miRNA to the utrophin mRNA 3 untranslated region (UTR).