Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine cylinder having a suction opening; a piston arranged in the engine cylinder for reciprocating motion therein; a fresh-gas conduit system for supplying the cylinder with fresh gas; and a resonance system forming part of the fresh-gas conduit system. The resonance system includes a resonance vessel having a resonance vessel outflow opening communicating with the suction opening of the engine cylinder and a plurality of resonance pipes each having one end provided with a pipe inflow opening for fresh gas and an opposite end provided with a pipe outflow opening for fresh gas merging into the resonance vessel. The resonance system further has a closing element having an open and a closed position for allowing and, respectively, preventing flow of fresh gas through one of the resonance pipes to connect the last-named resonance pipe to and, respectively, disconnect it from the resonance system for changing a resonance frequency of the resonance system.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine includes an intake gas conduit assembly in which intake gas resonance oscillations are generated for increasing the charging efficiency of the cylinders. The intake gas conduit assembly has a feed resonance system including a feed resonator vessel connected with the intake ports of a group of cylinders whose suction strokes do not significantly overlap and a feed resonance pipe communicating with the feed resonator vessel. The intake gas conduit assembly further has an auxiliary resonance system including a closed auxiliary resonator vessel and an auxiliary resonance pipe opening into the auxiliary resonator vessel, an intermediate resonator vessel coupled with the auxiliary resonance pipe and the feed resonance pipe and an intake gas inlet pipe coupled with the intermediate resonator vessel.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a jackknifing controlling system, for reducing undesirable jackknifing in an articulated vehicle, particularly with a rear drive. Sensing means is provided for measuring the angle of steering as well as the angle of articulation. At all times, the actual angle of articulation is compared to an ideal angle of articulation for the particular angle of steering, the ideal angle having been preprogrammed into a memory device. Whenever the actual angle of articulation deviates from the preprogrammed ideal angle by a predetermined amount, control actions are initiated to control the articulation. Further articulation in the direction of deviation is immediately blocked. Articulation in the opposite direction, toward the ideal, is freely allowed if the deviation exceeds a predetermined amount. If it is less than the predetermined amount, articulation, even toward the ideal angle is, damped by throttling of hydraulic flows.

Abstract: A brake lining, especially for vehicle drum brakes. The material of the brake lining includes a base in which are embedded oriented reinforcing fibers having a modulus of elasticity larger by at least one order of magnitude than the modulus of elasticity of the material of the brake lining. According to their lengths, at least 60% of the reinforcing fibers in the projection falling onto the plane normal to the axis of rotation enclose an angle alpha in the range between 20.degree. and 70.degree. with the normal of the frictional surface and more than 50% falling onto one side of the normal enclose an angle of 90.degree. minus alpha with the frictional motion vector.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anti-roll torsion bar in a stabilizing arrangement in particular for running gears with rigid axle suspended with coil-plate, and/or pneumatic springs in public road vehicles, having draw bars on both sides of the vehicle, which are pivotally coupled to the chassis and the rigid axle.In accordance with the invention the draw bars have pivoted distance pieces which are lying outside the pivots connected to the chassis, where in the axis of the pin of the pivot is lying perpendicularly to the plane defined by the geometric axis of the torsion bar and the draw bar, respectively, and the torsion bar is supported in said distance pieces in a non-turnable manner, however so, that it could be displaced at least in one of said distance pieces in direction of the bar.

Abstract: A multicylinder reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine has an intake gas resonance system associated with a group of engine cylinders whose suction strokes do not significantly overlap. The system includes a resonator vessel communicating with intake openings of the cylinders. The system further has a resonance tube communicating, with an end thereof, with the resonator vessel. The resonance tube has a length portion terminating at the resonator vessel and having cross-sectional areas increasing towards the resonator vessel. The cross-sectional area taken at the end of the resonance tube where it joins the resonator vessel is at least 1.2 times greater than the minimum cross section of the resonance tube. The distance between the end of the resonance tube joining the resonator vessel and an oppositely located inner wall face of the resonator vessel is greater than the diameter of a circle whose area equals the cross-sectional area taken at that end of the resonance tube.

Abstract: A hydro-pneumatic operating device for motor vehicle clutches permits shifting into second or higher gears without operation of the clutch pedal, by manipulation of an electric switch that actuates an electro-pneumatic valve. A cylinder block 31 is provided that houses a hydraulic working cylinder having a hydraulic piston of a hydro-pneumatic piston, and a pneumatic servo-valve unit whose path control is actuated by an external operating element which cooperates with a pneumatic servo-piston (14) of the hydro-pneumatic piston (20). On an end face of the pneumatic servo-piston (14) opposite a pneumatic servo-chamber (11) there is a supporting surface 19 whose countersurface 118 is formed on the pneumatic servo-piston (20a) of the hydro-pneumatic piston 20. The other side of pneumatic servo-piston 20a confines a blow-off chamber 22. A cylinder section 13 of a pneumatic working chamber 15 enclosed by the hydraulic pneumatic piston 20 and the pneumatic servo-piston 14 has a connection 66 for pressure medium.