Abstract: A power assisted steering gear having a movement transmitting drive member connected to and rotatable with the steering unit, one portion of which that determines the axis of rotation is formed by the connection between the steering nut and drive member. Another portion is formed by a ball pivot fitting into the nest of a double acting piston and a further ball pivot fitting into the nest of an axial slide valve of the piston which is set outside the axis of rotation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an anti-jackknifing device for an articulated motor vehicle, mainly for an articulated bus, where the torque influencing the jackknifing angle is brought about by a friction brake mechanism around the articulated coupling. The anti-jackknifing device has sensor elements sensing the run-dynamic characteristics connected to a control unit that controls the brake actuating unit of the brake mechanism. One of the elements of the friction brake mechanism braked in relation to each other is connected to one of the two or three vehicle units coupled to each other--i.e. front vehicle, trailer and intermediate vehicle unit--while the other element is connected to at least one of the further two vehicle units. One of the friction elements of the friction brake mechanism according to the invention is formed as brake rod connected to one of the vehicle units, the other friction element i.e.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lubricant composition, the carrier material of which is a grease, a lubricating oil, a hydraulic oil or a cutting lubricant of natural and/or synthetic origin and as additive it contains 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of copper, tin and/or lead in the form of copper oxyquinolinate, tin oxyquinolinate and/or lead oxyquinolinate.The lubricant composition forms a plastic copper, tin and/or lead layer on the surfaces to be lubricated and ensures good frictional properties.

Abstract: In a turbocharged internal-combustion engine, especially a Diesel engine, the turbocharger air delivery is arranged to match the air demand of the engine at low r.p.m., with the suction duct of the turbocompressor being provided with a throttle valve actuated to prevent the permitted charging pressure from being exceeded at higher r.p.m. by means of a regulating valve responsive to the charging pressure of the turbocompressor the actuation threshold of which is set to the permitted nominal supercharging pressure.

Abstract: In an anti-jackknifing apparatus for an articulated motor vehicle having a device filled with a pressure medium, the volume of which varies according to the magnitude of the jackknifing angle. The device has two movable opposite walls, each connected to one of the vehicle units. The device comprises an air spring connected to a working medium supply source.

Abstract: A jackknifing limiting device for articulated motor vehicles in which the vehicle has a front section and a rear section which are connected by a hinge therebetween, the device acting to limit the angle between the front and rear sections when the vehicle is turning, the device comprising a pair of hydraulic cylinders flanking the hinge and connected between the front and rear sections and a reservoir containing hydraulic fluid for the cylinders. Respective pressure regulating valves are connected between the reservoir and the cylinders and open unidirectionally toward the reservoir, with respective solenoid stop valves connected between the regulating valves and the reservoir, the stop valves being normally open. Respective check valves are provided in respective bypass lines connected between the reservoir and the cylinders, the check valves opening unidirectionally toward the cylinders.

Abstract: Equipment influencing the jacknifing angle of an articulated motor vehicle, when the vehicle units are in articulated coupling with each other, has a hydraulic piston device with two working spaces arranged outside the longitudinal centerline of the motor vehicle, the piston of which is connected to one unit, while its cylinder is connected to the other vehicle unit. Each working space is connected through a hydraulic valve unit to the hydraulic space of the hydropneumatic energy source, the valve unit has a parallel connected check valve and choke valve closing from the direction of the working space toward the hydropneumatic energy source. An adjustable transfer cross sectional closing element of the choke valve is in functional connection with the sensor element sensing the steering angle and direction of the front axle and the actuating signal of the sensor element is concomitant with the position of one of the choke valves bringing about increased choking.

Abstract: An internal combustion reciprocating engine includes an intake gas conduit system for supplying each engine cylinder with intake gas. Maximum four engine cylinders whose suction cycles are in a substantially non-overlapping relationship with one another form a cylinder group. The intake gas conduit system has a feed resonator vessel communicating with the intake opening of each cylinder of the cylinder group, a dampening vessel having an intake gas inlet opening and a feed resonance tube maintaining communication between the feed resonator vessel and the dampening vessel. The feed resonator vessel and the feed resonance tube form a first oscillating system in which intake gas oscillations are generated by the effect of periodic suction cycles of the cylinders forming the cylinder group. The intake gas conduit system further has a closed resonator vessel and an equalizing resonance tube maintaining communication between the dampening vessel and the closed resonator vessel.

Abstract: An engine-cooling system has each of the vent pipes connecting a geodetic high point with the expansion tank provided with a hydrodynamic flow-controlling throttle which provides substantially unobstructed flow to air and provides increasing flow resistance with increasing liquid flow throughput of the coolant-circulating pump.

Abstract: An antijackknifing apparatus for an articulated vehicle has an angle evaluating unit and an articulation locking mechanism including a locking activator unit. A control signal is produced corresponding to the sign of the deviation of the angle of articulation, the sign being positive when disposed to the right when viewed from above in the direction of movement and being negative when disposed to the left. The locking actuator unit also receives a direction signal which is positive when the change in the angle of articulation of the vehicle when view from above is clockwise and negative when counterclockwise. The locking activator unit goes into a locked condition when two opposite sign input signals are applied thereto.

Abstract: A spring leg with load proportional limited damping for use on a vehicle, includes a telescoping shock absorber including a piston and cylinder and a load bearing air suspension connected to a gas pressure system and having the walls surrounding the air space thereof comprising an elastic jacket and two rigid walls fixed to the body and the axle gear of the vehicle wherein the binding units of the shock absorber are partly arranged in the air space of the air suspension. An auxiliary diaphragm has an inner rim fixed to the cylinder of the shock absorber and an outer rim fixed to one of the two rigid walls of the air suspension to define the auxiliary diaphragm as one of the bordering walls, of the air space of the air suspension. A pilot ring limits the outward movement of the cylinder of the telescopic hydraulic shock absorber from the air space of the air suspension and is fixed to the rigid wall bearing the outer rim of the auxiliary diaphragm.

Abstract: A multi-space intake gas conduit system for a multi-cylinder internal combustion piston engine has at least two separate resonator vessels each associated with a separate cylinder group formed of predetermined cylinders of the engine. Each resonator vessel is coupled to intake openings of the cylinders forming the cylinder group associated with the respective resonator vessel. To each resonator vessel there is coupled a resonance tube and there is further provided a damper vessel interconnecting the resonance tubes. The resonator vessels and resonance tubes associated with separate cylinder groups form separate acoustic oscillating systems tuned to substantially the same natural frequencies. The resonance tubes coupled to different resonator vessels are of different lengths; the length of the shortest resonance tube is at least 0.6 times the length of the longest resonance tube and the diameter of a circle having an area identical to the cross-sectional area of the shortest resonance tube is at least 0.

Abstract: Controlling and operating device for motor-vehicle friction clutches between the engine and a manual change-speed gear, comprising a manually operated electric switch actuated with the gear-shift lever of the vehicle; a limit switch allowing the device to be rendered inoperative; a release mechanism operated by the clutch pedal; a hydro-pneumatic release unit including two coupled working cylinders of which respective pressure spaces are connected via duct elements to a cylinder of the clutch and via an electro-pneumatic valve to a source of a pressure medium; in its rest position the valve prevents communication between the source and the space of one of the cylinders and provides a different communication from the space of that cylinder to a retarding blow-off unit that forms part of the inventive device and communicates with the free atmosphere, while when the valve is in its operative position it opens the first-named communication and prevents the other; and an electrical circuit that serially connects t

Abstract: Internal combustion engines are turbocharged by operating a turbocompressor with exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine. Compressed air is fed from the turbocompressor to the engine at a rate such that all the air compressed by the turbocompressor is fed to the engine when the engine is at the highest altitude for which the engine is designed and is operating at full load and is running at its lowest normal operating speed. But when the engine is operating at lower altitude and/or higher speed and/or at less than full load, then some of the air compressed by the turbocompressor is automatically discharged.

Abstract: An articulated vehicle comprises a tractor which has a hydraulic steering gear, and a trailer connected to the tractor by a king-pin. The vehicle further includes anti-jack-knifing apparatus comprising two co-operating brake elements of a brake mechanism, one of which is secured to the tractor and the other to the trailer. The brake mechanism is actuated under the control of a hydraulic control unit responsive to the prevailing pressures in the steering gear, the arrangement being such that a predetermined, steady, anti-jack-knifing braking force is exerted by the braking mechanism when the steering gear is in its center position during rectilinear travel of the vehicle. When the steering is turned, a braking force smaller than the predetermined braking force is exerted.

Abstract: Process for determining the starting point of fuel injection in internal-combustion engines having a fuel-injection nozzle with a housing and a needle valve and a displacement limited by a stroke limiter, comprising the steps of observing and consecutively registering vibrations and/or noise phenomena arising from abutments of the needle in the valve against the stroke limiter, and selecting the leading branch or ascending flank of a first half-wave signal from that vibration, the registering being accomplished with a sensing element placed at least in the vicinity of the nozzle housing. Several additional, optional features are disclosed.

Abstract: Anti-jack-knifing apparatus for articulated vehicles, wherein the anti-jack-knifing force is exerted independently of the operation of the vehicle braking system by the provision of a hydraulic pressure source including two working chambers communicating via a throttling bore in a piston, the moving part of the pressure source being connected to the trailer while the stationary part is fixedly connected to the tractor, and the working spaces of the pressure source are connected with the brake cylinder of the anti-jack-knifing brake construction to actuate the latter, via throttle valve units including by-pass ducts and non-return valves.

Abstract: Live-gas conduit system for turbocharged, six-cylinder, serially connected internal-combustion engines, linked between the suction inlets of the cylinders and the turbocharger, comprising two separate resonance tanks, each attached to the suction inlets of three adjoining engine cylinders, a resonance tube for each resonance tank, and a damping tank that links the inlet openings of the resonance tubes with the pressure side of the turbocharger. Special proportions and placements are suggested to attain a space-saving arrangement that reduces the space requirement, and particularly the length, of the conduit system.