Abstract: The method is for producing a first primary roll having a predetermined lateral surface defined by a diameter D.sub.f. The primary roll is made of material wound around a spindle. The material is used to produce smaller secondary rolls of material. The method comprises steps of (a) calculating a portion S.sub.f of the lateral surface, which is covered by the spindle; (b) calculating a portion S.sub.i of the lateral surface, Which represents material needed to produce the smaller secondary rolls of material; (c) calculating a compression factor K1 which is derived from a compression rate K of a previous second primary roll used to produce previous secondary rolls with respect to the previous secondary rolls; (d) calculating D.sub.f where: ##EQU1## (e) winding up material around the spindle to produce the first primary roll until a diameter of the first primary roll reaches said diameter D.sub.f ; whereby loss of material is reduced by taking into account compression factor K1 which varies with respect to time.

Abstract: A single cavity specimen test tube carrier especially adapted to connect to like carriers along one axis or a different axis or in a matrix. The carrier includes a test tube holder, a viewing slot, a side-to-side coupling mechanism and a front-to-back joining mechanism to attach the carriers together along a specified axis or in a matrix. The side-to-side coupling mechanism includes a boss and boss receiving cavity which snap together in a force fit. The front-to-back joining mechanism includes a plurality of knob-like protrusions that fit snugly into the viewing slot of an adjacent carrier and a horizontal bar that slides under a corresponding ledge of the adjacent carrier.

Abstract: A conventional ultrasonic tube sealing device is modified for dissipating undesirable heat energy by locating in close proximity to a horn a heat sink block, causing via pneumatic means the heat exchange block to make contact with the horn only when the horn is in an open retracted position with respect to an anvil, and causing the heat exchange block to separate from the horn when the horn is in a closed sealing position with respect to the anvil. The heat exchange block cools the heat exchange block by drawing off undesirable heat energy, yet, by separating during the sealing mode, allows the horn to function properly and does not adversely affect its ultrasonic properties. The heat exchange block may be cooled by transporting through strategically located passageways an externally cooled fluid.

Abstract: A precision peristaltic pump is provided which assures that a precisely controlled length of tubing is operated upon by the pump. Recesses are provided on either side of a tube receiving gap for the pump, which recesses have different sizes and/or shapes and fittings are provided on the tubing on either side of a precisely determined length of tubing, which fittings are sized and/or shaped so as to only fit in one of the recesses in only a single orientation. This assures that the orientation of the tubing in the pump gap is always the same. The fittings may be a block which is formed on the tubing itself and of the same material as the tubing or may include a stop of a harder material, such as a hard plastic, mounted to or sandwiching each block. The pump is designed so that if one of the fittings is not fully seated in the corresponding recess, the projecting fitting interacts with a cover or other element of the pump to prevent the pump from being moved to its operative position.

Abstract: An elevated, closed loop, conveyor arrangement defines a closed loop conveyor path, and a plurality of carriers are operatively connected to the conveyor means for movement around the path. At least one loading station is located on the path, and an identification station, disposed after the loading station in the direction of movement of the carrier means, is also located on the path. A plurality of unloading stations are located on the path after the identification station in the direction of movement of the carrier, and each unloading station receives a different type of the class of articles so that only one type of the class of articles is unloaded at each unloading station. In operation, a single article of the class is mounted on each carrier at the loading station. The type of each article is identified at the identification station, and each article is unloaded at the unloading station for receiving the type of article identified at the identification station.

Abstract: A motor control unit for protecting a motor against ground fault currents. The unit monitors the currents in each phase of the motor to provide values representative of each phase current. The unit also includes a contactor for opening and closing each phase, wherein the unit controls the contactor based upon the values representative of the phase currents. The contactor is opened when a ground fault situation exists at the motor.

Abstract: A circuit breaker including a trip unit interlock. The trip unit interlock provides a trip unit having a plug connectable with a mating plug which is slidable with respect to the circuit breaker. The trip unit engages a pair of pins mounted to the circuit breaker when the trip unit is in its operating position. The pins are oriented to prevent separation of the plug from the receptacle during circuit breaker tripping. Since it is undesirable to insert a trip unit into a circuit breaker where the trip unit is not compatible with the circuit breaker, the pins and openings in the trip unit are configured such that they will not mate if the trip unit is not appropriate for the circuit breaker. When the trip unit is in its operating position, the trip unit holds an interlock lever for the contact operating mechanism of the circuit breaker in a position where the contact operating mechanism may close the contacts and hold the contacts closed when the circuit breaker is in its ON state.

Abstract: A low voltage AC electric power monitoring system includes a processor which samples the current and circuit breaker system includes a processor which samples each of the current components at seventeen samples per cycle to obtain current samples representing a single period of the AC power signal. The processor samples the voltage component at different points in the voltage cycle over several cycles to obtain voltage samples representing a single period of the AC power signal.

Abstract: A trip circuit for tripping a circuit breaker has a first coil having a relatively large number of turns and therefore a relatively slow reaction time and a second coil having a relatively small number of turns and therefore a relatively fast reaction time. The first coil is responsive to a relatively low current level through a circuit breaker for tripping the circuit breaker at the rated tripping current. The second coil is responsive to a higher current through the circuit breaker for tripping the circuit breaker with great rapidity in case the higher level is reached before the first coil has an opportunity to react.

Abstract: Assemblies for providing the contacts of a circuit breaker with a pivoting motion. Each assembly is adapted to electrically couple the contact to the base of the assembly which is connectable to a terminal of the circuit breaker. Each assembly includes an arm for supporting an electrical contact, a pivot pin for pivotally mounting the arm, a base for supporting the pivot pin, and means for urging the pivot pin into contact with contact surfaces of the base. The arm is pivotable about the longitudinal axis of the pivot pin, and the arm and pivot pin are arranged such that at least two contact locations occur between the arm and the pivot pin.

Abstract: Optical encoding of a cuvette or other object is provided by means of multiple facets molded integrally into flanges or other portions of the object, which facets selectively refract light passing therethrough in accordance with a predetermined code. The detector for the coded light includes a separate detector for each code state of the facets, with the detector having a different output when no facets are between a light source and the detectors. The facets are preferably bevels, which are selectively angled in accordance with the code.

Abstract: An X-ray diffractometer having a simple yet accurate means for locating the surface of the sample to be examined with respect to the zero point of the X-ray (RS) is disclosed. Briefly stated, a laser (LA) and camera (KA) are positioned at preferably 90.degree. with respect to each other such that the intersection of the optical axis of the camera and the laser passes through the zero point of the diffractometer. In this fashion, the camera will see at its center, the zero point of the X-ray despite the fact that the X-ray is of course invisible to the naked eye. Accordingly, by movement of the sample (P) with respect to this camera image, the true and correct zero point of the X-ray with respect to the surface of the sample to be examined may be determined without the need for experimental and unnecessary X-ray or examination runs being taken.

Abstract: A high-speed decoder is disclosed which operates on variable word length data, but accepts an incoming compressed data stream comprising a series of fixed length tokens, each of which can represent one or more pixels. The decoder comprises a translation unit which, in any given decoding cycle, decodes one pixel, and which forwards any remaining information available in the current token, but not used to decode the current pixel, for use in decoding the next pixel. The translator unit, which is table driven, is not required to explicitly shift or align the remaining data, nor is it required to explicitly determine the length of the current pixel before decoding the next. The high speed of the decoder derives from parallel decoding using the table-lookup method, combined with the absence of bit-shifting delays in the feedback critical path. The decoder employs a modified, truncated Huffman coding method which enables the decoding hardware to operate at up to 33 million pixels per second.

Abstract: In a panelboard (30) of the type having a main circuit breaker (34) or other circuit protection device and at least one busbar (46, 48, 50) for transmitting electrical power to branch circuit breakers (36) connected thereto, a connector installation kit (78) for connecting a load terminal of a main circuit breaker (34) to a busbar (46, 48, 50) including a self-supporting, insulator housing (160) having at least one recess (166, 168, 170) defined therein; and at least one phase connector (172, 174, 176) having a first portion connected to a load terminal of a main circuit breaker (34) and a second portion connected to the busbar (46, 48, 50).

Abstract: An apparatus for handling a plurality of lids or other predominately flat articles having two discrete sides, such as a top and bottom, delivering them in a common orientation, which includes a conveyor system for carrying the articles along the apparatus from an inlet end to a final discharge end and an air jet nozzle which directs compressed air to engage at least some of the articles to change their orientation. The conveyor system may include a number of orienting surfaces with at least a single disjoined area to provide conditions for article orientation, or re-orientation in specialized cases. The appropriate arrangement of any two of these surfaces provides varying degrees of automated flipping. Various forces, such as, but not limited to, air, vacuum and gravity, either separately or in combination, may assist in the flipping process. Such forces are selectively enabled by the detection of an improperly oriented article.

Abstract: A panelboard (30) for distribution of electrical power from a feed line to branch power lines having at least one neutral/bus support assembly (44), with at least one insulating member (100) having a locating pin (52, 54, 56) projecting therefrom. The assembly (44) has a conductive neutral tie strap (70) attached to the insulating member (100) for conduction of neutral phase current. The strap (70) provides attachment points (124) for a neutral lug (39), and for structural support of the neutral/bus support assembly (44) in conjunction with the insulating member (100). At least one neutral rail (68) is connected to the neutral tie strap (70). The panelboard (30) has at least one busbar (46, 48, 50) disposed over the neutral/bus support assembly (44), defining a hole (151) therein for capture therein of a locating pin (52, 54, 56). The busbars (46, 48, 50) are adapted for transferring electrical power from a feed line to a line end of a branch circuit breaker (36) which is connectable to the busbar.

Abstract: An apparatus for optically scanning and measuring the physical parameters of a sheet material by means which are fully enclosed within an air purged cross-machine box-beam structure to protect the radiation source, the radiation detector and the optics from the harsh machine environment. The apparatus may involve a single beam enclosing a combined source/detector module for reflection measurement or dual beams on opposite sides of the sheet for transmission measurement with one enclosing a source module and the other enclosing a detector module. Standardization means are also provided either in the module itself or as an extension of the beam. Means are also disclosed for sealing the opening in the beams through which the radiation passes.

Abstract: A graphic data processing apparatus comprising a CPU coupled to an entry device, storage storing graphic data and a plurality of programs and a display, and adapted such that a command mode for drawing a desired graphic form is selected by designating the corresponding desired graphic form in the already displayed graphic forms and a program for drawing the graphic form is automatically selected.

Abstract: A low voltage electric power monitoring and circuit breaker system includes two processors. The first processor activates the circuit breaker when an overcurrent condition is detected and the second processor monitors the current sensed by the first processor and logs overcurrent values which arm the breaker as well as overcurrent values existing at the time the breaker is tripped.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fusing terminal or commutator wire connections on an armature or stator, including an electrode, a pneumatic locking cylinder for driving the electrode into contact with the workpiece and applying a force to the workpiece, a load cell for measuring the force applied by the electrode, an opposition cylinder for providing an opposition force to the electrode after a cold-forming force has been reached by the electrode, a linear potentiometer for measuring the distance traveled by the electrode after the opposition force has been applied; and a locking mechanism for stopping the locking cylinder after a predetermined distance has been traveled during the weld cycle.