Abstract: A circuit breaker system (100) providing a low impedance magnetic latch tripping scheme. The circuit breaker system (100) includes a trip unit (310) coupled to a switch unit (108). Trip unit (310) is coupled to an electrical circuitry and utilizes a current transformer (114) to sample a current conducting through the electrical circuitry. This current is processed into an input signal (126) suitable as an input to a trip circuitry (316) included in the trip unit (310). When a processor (322) senses an overcurrent condition in the input signal (126), processor (322) transmits a trip signal (128) to a switch (220) to initiate protection against the overcurrent condition, i.e., a trip of the electrical circuitry. Switch (220) permits a low release current to conduct through a low impedance electromechanical interface unit (218) such that the electromechanical interface unit (218) can actuate a mechanical opening mechanism included in the switch unit (108).

Abstract: A load lock has a substrate carrier movable between one position and another position each position vertically separated from the other, to locate the carrier at vertically discrete positions to load substrates onto the carrier or remove substrates from the carrier. A ring seal is provided around the substrate carrier for opening and closing the load lock chamber to the vacuum transport apparatus by controllably vertically positioning it between an uppermost and a lowermost position within the load lock.

Abstract: A device for mechanically picking and palletizing rectangular objects of various sizes for attachment to a robotic arm. The device includes a pair of rails having a plurality of longitudinally spaced, elongated L-shaped grips extending there through. The distance between the respective rails can be adjusted to accommodate various width containers. The L-shaped grips are capable of pivotal rotation such that their grip ends rotate under the object for picking and palletizing. A pair of pallet hooks having suction cups attached thereto is also provided on the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for defining the position of an actuator. The position of the actuator (1) is measured by a measuring signal (3) proportional to the rotation of a shaft (6) of the actuator (1). The measuring signal (3) comprises successive pulses. The intervals between the pulses are divided into parts, and the position of the actuator (1) between the pulses is defined utilizing the parts of the divided pulse intervals.

Abstract: Problems associated with delta motors and motor controllers being subjected to swapped lead conditions as well as with time consuming troubleshooting are eliminated in a motor controller that automatically changes firing circuit timing for proper operation of the delta motor when it detects swapped lead condition that occurs during the installation process.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus having a supply of substrates, a substrate transport module, and a substrate processing module. The transport module has a movable arm assembly and two substrate holders mounted to the movable arm assembly. The substrate holders each have two separate holding areas for simultaneously holding two substrates. The movable arm assembly has two pairs of driven arms. Each pair of driven arms is connected to a separate one of the holders for extending and retracting the holders along a radial path relative to a center of the movable arm assembly.

Abstract: The ionization efficiency of a mass spectrometer is increased by creating a potential well between the electron source and the electron collector. The potential well is created by applying to the collector a reflection potential having an amplitude which is the same as or substantially the same as the amplitude of the potential applied to the electron source and a polarity which is the same as the polarity of the electron source potential. The potentials applied to the electron source and electron collector are relative to the ionization region effected between the source and collector. Many of the electrons produced by the electron source oscillate back and forth in the potential well thereby allowing those electrons a greater opportunity to interact with sample molecules to thus increase ionization efficiency.

Abstract: A signaling device is mated with a conventional container to develop a change in state for indicating that the container has been accessed. In conjunction with a refuse container having a body and a cover connected to the body of the container by a hinge, the signaling device takes the form of a flag which is coupled with the hinge of the container so that the flag can move between a lowered position in which the flag lies over the cover of the container, and a raised position in which the flag extends upwardly from the container, providing the desired change in state. In use, the flag is automatically moved from the lowered position to the raised position when the cover is opened, signaling that the container has been accessed. The flag is automatically returned from the raised position to the lowered position as part of the procedure which is used to later empty the container.

Abstract: A circuit breaker system 10 using electronic trip units 35. The electronic trip units 35 are coupled to a communications bus 30 whereby the electronic trip units 35 can be reconfigured, controlled, and/or monitored by a central computer 20. Further, the electronic trip units are coupled to a separate control power supply line 50 and to a zone selective interlock system 70 . The zone selective interlock system 70 is configured to provide tripping delays to circuit breakers located upstream from a detected fault.

Abstract: An energy information system for use with a circuit breaker coupled between a power source and a load, the energy information system comprising: sensing apparatus for sensing at least one of i) a voltage, and ii) a current flowing between the power source and the load through the circuit breaker; detecting apparatus for detecting transitions of a sensed voltage; counting apparatus for counting a number of times the circuit breaker trips and interrupts the current flow between the power source and the load; measuring apparatus for i) measuring the current flow through the circuit breaker when the circuit breaker trips and interrupts the current flow between the power source and the load and ii) determining a plurality of energy related parameters including a measure of at least one of the voltage, the current and the frequency based on an output from the detecting apparatus, between the power source and the load; input apparatus for accepting a user input, the user input controlling at least one of the circuit

Abstract: An end effector for handling stacks of plastic cups, dishes, and similar items. The end effector includes a bracket of similar mechanism for coupling the end effector to the end of a robot arm. A gripping assembly is coupled to the bracket. The gripping assembly includes a main plate with a plurality of pairs of spring blades mounted on the bottom of the main plate. Each spring blade has a plurality of teeth and the pairs of spring blades are positioned such that the teeth from each spring blade are interweaved with one another. Two end blades are also mounted on the bottom of the main plate. The spring blades and end blades form a plurality of parallel bays. Each bay is formed by two spring blades or one spring blade and one end blade. When the end effector is coupled to the robot arm and moved down over the stacks of items to be picked up, the spring blades flex allowing the items to pushed into each bay.

Abstract: A system to allow track-guided vehicles to avoid collisions with one another in straight track and curved track situations utilizing vehicle mounted devices and without the need for additional active traffic control devices. The system includes track-guided vehicles equipped with a plurality of selective sensors on the front and identifying reflective elements on the rear. Reflective strips mounted on the inner face of curved track allow the selective sensors to detect targets around curves. Retroreflective sensors coupled with corner cube reflective material are a preferred set of sensor and target implementations. The placement of the sensors and reflective elements is specified such that a calibrated system limits the range of the system and is easily maintained.

Abstract: A graphical energy information display system having a menu for user selection of energy related information for an AC load control device, comprising: a device for monitoring AC electrical load usage of a load using a voltage shifter coupled to a sensor to bias the voltage above a ground potential by a predetermined voltage to produce a full-wave biased voltage signal; a graphical display device connected to said device for monitoring AC electrical load usage, said graphical display device adapted so as to graphically display indicia and at least one parameter of the AC electrical load usage of the load said parameters being displayed as a signal representation; menu means for displaying a plurality of selections on said graphical display device, each of said plurality of selections representing at least one parameter of the AC electrical load usage; and menu selection means for selecting at least one of said plurality of selections so as to cause said graphical display device to graphically present the sign

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for dynamically routing a material transport vehicle using traffic based parameters. A controller directed to allocate a material transport vehicle to a particular node, selects the material transport vehicle that is physically closest to the particular node. The controller calculates an optimal route by identifying the possible routes between the initial node of the material transport vehicle and the destination node, and analyzing each of the nodes within each identified route according to a metric function by calculating a metric function value for each identified route. The controller then selects the route for the material transport vehicle having the smallest metric function value. The metric function may include parameters associated with each of the nodes in the material transport system including a node-to-node distance parameter, a node crossing parameter, and the number of material transport vehicles in a queue at each node within the route.

Abstract: A communications adapter is provided for interfacing between a master device and an I/O device (body) having an output and/or an input. In the case of the I/O body having an output, the adapter has a TCP port for coupling to the master device via a transmission path for receiving a request message. The adapter also has a connector for operable coupling to the I/O device for receiving the output of the I/O device. The adapter further has an interface circuit operably connected to the TCP port and the connector for transmitting a response message over the transmission path in response to the request message, the response message correlating to the output received from the I/O device. The request message and the response message is limited to a length that is less than a TCP transaction length and/or a maximum transmission unit limit, or both, depending on the embodiment of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a computerized exercise system and method allowing exercising in both a gravity field and a gravity free environment. The exercise system includes one or more exercise modules positioned at specific locations and coupled to an exercise member through an extendable cable extending between each exercise module and one or more exercise members. A controlling structure controls tension forces in each of the cables for generating desired resistive forces in the exercise member at each point of its trajectory, simultaneously moving through a trajectory, defined by exercise parameters. When a user performs an exercise routine, he/she moves the exercise member and overcomes the resistive forces elevated by the exercise modules through the controlled tension forces in each cable.

Abstract: A system for shielding a robot arm against being splashed with fluids comprises a protective shell-like cover of thin-walled plastic material impervious to fluids which is removably attached to the robot arm. The protective cover has a contoured shape generally conforming to the configuration of the robot arm and includes an upper member overlying the upwardly facing surfaces of the robot arm and an integral continuous side member proximally overlying the sidewall of the robot arm and extending to a lower rim generally coplanar with the downwardly facing surfaces of the robot arm. The upper member of the protective cover generally overlies the upwardly facing surface of the robot arm while the peripherally extending sidewall generally overlies the outwardly facing surface of the peripherally extending sidewall.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tuning control loop parameters in a motion control system, is provided. In one embodiment, tuning of the proportional and integral gains of a servocontroller's velocity loop compensator is provided, as well as tuning of the cutoff frequencies of the servocontroller's low pass filters. In this embodiment, random noise excitation is added to the velocity command during a plurality of movement types for a machine tool axis. During each movement type, frequency response measurements are taken. Then, a composite frequency response can be selected by concatenating portions of the various frequency response measurements, so as to simulate a worst case scenario for the machine tool axis. From this composite response, an open loop response can be calculated and displayed, as well as bandwidth, phase margin, and gain margin values. The user can then enter the compensator parameters which were used when this data was taken, as well as proposed parameters.

Abstract: A control system includes an Internet web interface to a network of at least one programmable logic control system running an application program for controlling output devices in response to status of input devices. The Web interface runs Web pages from an Ethernet board coupled directly to the PLC back plane and includes an HTTP protocol interpreter, a PLC back plane driver, a TCP/IP stack, and an Ethernet board kernel. The Web interface provides access to the PLC back plane by a user at a remote location through the Internet. The interface translates the industry standard Ethernet, TCP/IP and HTTP protocols used on the Internet into data recognizable to the PLC. Using this interface, the user can retrieve all pertinent data regarding the operation of the programmable logic controller system.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing power to an automated material handling system that includes a track on which a plurality of electrically powered material transport vehicles are mounted comprises a plurality of current-limited power sources each having a power supply lead and a power return lead. The apparatus further includes a power supply distribution network that is configured and arranged to electrically connect the power supply leads of the plurality of power sources together and to couple the current supplied therefrom to the power supply input of at least one of the plurality of material transport vehicles. And further includes a power return network configured and arranged to electrically couple the power return output of at least one of the plurality of material transport vehicles to the interconnected power return leads of the plurality of power sources.