Abstract: An automated process receives input tomography data and generates an optimized (customized) treatment pattern for an individual patient without relying on the physician's analysis and judgment. For example, a method for treating a cornea includes receiving tomographic data for a cornea. The method includes identifying a keratoconic defect in the cornea based on the tomographic data. The method includes segmenting the keratoconic defect into treatment zones based on predefined geometric parameters, wherein the treatment zones indicate where a cross-linking agent is to be applied on the cornea and photoactivated to treat the keratoconic defect.

Abstract: An example system for corneal treatment includes an illumination system to generate cross-linking in at least one selected region of a cornea treated with a cross-linking agent by delivering photoactivating light according to one or more photoactivation parameters. The system includes a controller to receive input relating to one or more treatment parameters, which include the one or more photoactivation parameters. The controller is configured to output information for adjusting the one or more treatment parameters by (A) determining from the input, a distribution of cross-links for the at least one selected region of the cornea; (B) determining, from the distribution of cross-links, a shape change for the cornea; and (C) determining, from the shape change for the cornea, a change in vision for the subject. Responsive to the output from the controller, the illumination system is configured to adjust at least one of the one or more photoactivation parameters.

Abstract: An example system for tracking motion of an eye during an eye treatment includes an image capture device configured to capture a plurality of images of an eye. The system includes controller(s) including processor(s) that receive the plurality of images from the image capture device. The processor(s) implement a plurality of trackers. Each tracker is configured to detect a respective feature in the plurality of images and provide, based on the respective feature, a respective set of data relating to motion of the eye. The respective features detected by the plurality of trackers are orthogonal relative to each other and the respective sets of data provided by the plurality of trackers are independent of each other. The processor(s) coalesce the sets of data from the plurality of trackers and determine an indicator of the motion of the eye based on the coalesced sets of data.

Abstract: An antimicrobial treatment system comprises a wearable photoactivation device. The wearable photoactivation device includes a body configured to be positioned on a head of a subject over one or more eyes of the subject. The body includes one or more windows or openings that allow the one or more eyes to see through the body. The body includes one or more photoactivating light sources coupled to the body and configured to direct photoactivating light to the one or more eyes according to illumination parameters. The illumination parameters determine a dose of the photoactivating light that activates, according to photochemical kinetic reactions, a photosensitizer applied to the one or more eyes and generates reactive oxygen species that provide an antimicrobial effect in the one or more eyes, without substantially inducing cross-linking activity that produces biomechanical changes in the one or more eyes.

Abstract: A corneal cross-linking system includes a light source configured to emit a photoactivating light. The system includes a spatial light modulator configured to receive the photoactivating light from the light source and provide a pixelated illumination. The spatial light modulator defines a maximum area for the pixelated illumination. The system includes a controller configured to cause the spatial light modulator to project a first pixelated illumination onto the cornea to photoactivate a cross-linking agent applied to a treatment area. The first pixelated illumination has an area that is smaller than the maximum area defined by the spatial light modulator. The controller is configured to determine movement of the cornea. In response to the movement, the controller controls the spatial light modulator to project a second pixelated illumination to the treatment area based on a translation and/or transformation of the first pixelated illumination to continue photoactivating the cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A system for treating an eye includes a light source configured to provide photoactivating light that photoactivates a cross-linking agent applied to a cornea. The system includes one or more optical elements configured to receive the photoactivating light and produce a beam that defines a spot of the photoactivating light. The system includes a scanning system configured to receive the beam of the photoactivating light and to scan the spot of the photoactivating light along a first axis and a second axis to form a scan pattern on the cornea to generate cross-linking activity.

Abstract: In a corneal measurement system, an optical element focuses an excitation light to an area of corneal tissue at a selected depth. In response, a fluorescing agent applied to the cornea generates a fluorescence emission. An aperture of a pinhole structure selectively transmits the fluorescence emission from the area of corneal tissue at the selected depth. A detector captures the selected fluorescence emission transmitted by the aperture and communicates information relating to a measurement of the selected fluorescence emission captured by the detector. A controller receives the information from the detector and determines a measurement of the fluorescing agent in the area of corneal tissue at the selected depth. The system may include a scan mechanism that causes the optical element to scan the cornea at a plurality of depths, and the controller may determine a measurement of the fluorescing agent in the cornea as a function of depth.

Abstract: Systems and methods employ bioresorbable corneal implants to treat corneal ectatic disorders and/or refractive errors. The corneal implants may be formed from a porous microstructure that can encourage the proliferation of endogenous keratocytes. As such, the corneal implants act as tissue scaffolds that promote tissue growth to increase the biomechanical stability and/or change the shape of the cornea. Over time, the corneal implants may resorb via hydrolysis or enzymatic breakdown, negating the risks of inflammation, scarring, or foreign body response. The corneal implants may also employ drug coating(s) to promote tissue growth.

Abstract: A micro-device for corneal cross-linking treatment includes a body including an outer portion and an inner portion. The outer portion is disposed about a periphery of the inner portion. The inner portion is shaped such that, when the body is positioned against a surface of an eye, the outer portion contacts the surface of the eye and the inner portion defines a chamber over a cornea of the eye. The micro-device includes an illumination system including a micro-optical element coupled to the body. The micro-optical element is configured to direct photoactivating light to the cornea of the eye when the body is positioned against the surface of the eye. The photoactivating light generates cross-linking activity with a cross-linking agent applied to the cornea.

Abstract: A system for treating an eye includes a laser light source providing photoactivating light. The system includes a scanning system to receive the photoactivating light as a laser beam and to move the laser beam over a cornea treated with a cross-linking agent. The system includes a controller that provides control signal(s) to programmatically control the laser light source and the scanning system. The control signal(s) cause the laser beam to visit region(s) of the cornea more than once according to a scan pattern and expose the region(s) to the photoactivating light. The photoactivating light causes the cross-linking agent in the exposed region(s) to react with oxygen to generate cross-linking activity in the exposed region(s). The scan pattern causes a predetermined period of time to pass between visits by the laser beam to the exposed region(s), the predetermined period of time allowing oxygen in the exposed region(s) to replenish.

Abstract: In a corneal measurement system, an optical element focuses an excitation light to an area of corneal tissue at a selected depth. In response, a fluorescing agent applied to the cornea generates a fluorescence emission. An aperture of a pinhole structure selectively transmits the fluorescence emission from the area of corneal tissue at the selected depth. A detector captures the selected fluorescence emission transmitted by the aperture and communicates information relating to a measurement of the selected fluorescence emission captured by the detector. A controller receives the information from the detector and determines a measurement of the fluorescing agent in the area of corneal tissue at the selected depth. The system may include a scan mechanism that causes the optical element to scan the cornea at a plurality of depths, and the controller may determine a measurement of the fluorescing agent in the cornea as a function of depth.

Abstract: Example eye treatments determine an area at a surface of a cornea for delivery of a cross-linking agent. The example treatments disrupt tissue at the area at the surface of the cornea up to a depth corresponding to apical layers of superficial squamous cells of the cornea, e.g., no greater than approximately 10 ?m to approximately 15 ?m. The example treatments apply a cross-linking agent to the area at the surface of the cornea. The cross-linking agent is transmitted through the disrupted area at a greater rate relative to non disrupted areas of the cornea. The example treatments deliver photoactivating light to the cornea. The photoactivating light activates the cross-linking agent to generate cross-linking activity in the cornea.

Abstract: A system for corneal treatment includes a light source that activates cross-linking in at least one selected region of a cornea treated with a cross-linking agent. The light source delivers photoactivating light to the at least one selected region of the cornea according to a set of parameters. The system includes a controller that receives input relating to the cross-linking agent and the set of parameters. The controller includes computer-readable storage media storing: (A) program instructions for determining cross-linking resulting from reactions involving ROS including at least peroxides, superoxides, and hydroxyl radicals, and (B) program instructions for determining cross-linking from reactions not involving oxygen. The controller executes the program instructions to output a calculated amount of cross-linking in the at least one selected region of the cornea. In response to the calculated amount of cross-linking, the light source adjusts at least one value in the set of parameters.

Abstract: A formulation for an eye treatment includes a photosensitizer and a permeability enhancing composition. The permeability enhancing composition includes one or more permeability enhancers. The permeability enhancing composition has a hydrophilic and lipophilic balance increases a permeability of an area of the eye for the photosensitizer. The hydrophilic and lipophilic balance can be characterized by a Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) number. For example, the area of the eye may include a corneal epithelium, the photosensitizer may include riboflavin, and the permeability enhancing composition may have a corresponding HLB number between approximately 12.6 and approximately 14.6.

Abstract: Devices and approaches for activating cross-linking within corneal tissue to stabilize and strengthen the corneal tissue following an eye therapy treatment. A feedback system is provided to acquire measurements and pass feedback information to a controller. The feedback system may include an interferometer system, a corneal polarimetry system, or other configurations for monitoring cross-linking activity within the cornea. The controller is adapted to analyze the feedback information and adjust treatment to the eye based on the information. Aspects of the feedback system may also be used to monitor and diagnose features of the eye 1. Methods of activating cross-linking according to information provided by a feedback system in order to improve accuracy and safety of a cross-linking therapy are also provided.

Abstract: An antimicrobial treatment system comprises a wearable photoactivation device. The wearable photoactivation device includes a body configured to be positioned on a head of a subject over one or more eyes of the subject. The body includes one or more windows or openings that allow the one or more eyes to see through the body. The body includes one or more photoactivating light sources coupled to the body and configured to direct photoactivating light to the one or more eyes according to illumination parameters. The illumination parameters determine a dose of the photoactivating light that activates, according to photochemical kinetic reactions, a photosensitizer applied to the one or more eyes and generates reactive oxygen species that provide an antimicrobial effect in the one or more eyes, without substantially inducing cross-linking activity that produces biomechanical changes in the one or more eyes.

Abstract: A formulation for an eye treatment includes a photosensitizer and a permeability enhancing composition. The permeability enhancing composition includes one or more permeability enhancers. The permeability enhancing composition has a hydrophilic and lipophilic balance increases a permeability of an area of the eye for the photosensitizer. The hydrophilic and lipophilic balance can be characterized by a Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) number. For example, the area of the eye may include a corneal epithelium, the photosensitizer may include riboflavin, and the permeability enhancing composition may have a corresponding HLB number between approximately 12.6 and approximately 14.6.

Abstract: A system for corneal treatment includes a light source that activates cross-linking in at least one selected region of a cornea treated with a cross-linking agent. The light source delivers photoactivating light to the at least one selected region of the cornea according to a set of parameters. The system includes a controller that receives input relating to the cross-linking agent and the set of parameters. The controller includes computer-readable storage media storing: (A) program instructions for determining cross-linking resulting from reactions involving ROS including at least peroxides, superoxides, and hydroxyl radicals, and (B) program instructions for determining cross-linking from reactions not involving oxygen. The controller executes the program instructions to output a calculated amount of cross-linking in the at least one selected region of the cornea. In response to the calculated amount of cross-linking, the light source adjusts at least one value in the set of parameters.

Abstract: An eye treatment positions a mask device over first and second eyes. A posterior side of the mask device is proximate to the face and the anterior side is distal from the face. The mask device includes an outer wall extending between the anterior and posterior sides and defining a chamber extending across the first and second eyes. The anterior side includes a first transmission region that allows a photoactivating light for the first eye to be delivered into a first section of the chamber positioned over the first eye. The anterior side includes a second transmission region that allows a photoactivating light for the second eye to be delivered into the second section positioned over the second eye. The system includes at least one gas source storing a gas that is different than ambient air. The system includes a gas delivery system that delivers the gas into the chamber.

Abstract: In a corneal measurement system, an optical element focuses an excitation light to an area of corneal tissue at a selected depth. In response, a fluorescing agent applied to the cornea generates a fluorescence emission. An aperture of a pinhole structure selectively transmits the fluorescence emission from the area of corneal tissue at the selected depth. A detector captures the selected fluorescence emission transmitted by the aperture and communicates information relating to a measurement of the selected fluorescence emission captured by the detector. A controller receives the information from the detector and determines a measurement of the fluorescing agent in the area of corneal tissue at the selected depth. The system may include a scan mechanism that causes the optical element to scan the cornea at a plurality of depths, and the controller may determine a measurement of the fluorescing agent in the cornea as a function of depth.