Abstract: In order to increase the safety of an injection system in an internal combustion engine operating on self-igniting liquefied gas as a fuel, especially after the engine has been switched off, the proposal is put forward that at least one pressurized part of the injection system be depressurized by means of a shut-down device, the latter including at least one pressure relief line which is controlled by at least one valve and opens into a tank with a low pressure level.

Abstract: An electric braking device for measuring the torque of an engine includes a rotor rotating with a shaft and a stator which is tiltably supported in a housing by a bearing at either of its front ends, each end being provided with a disk-shaped bearing shield with a pivot journal. To prevent the measured results from being influenced by the stator bearings hydrostatic swivel bearings are used, one being axially movable and the other axially immovable. Each hydraulic swivel bearing includes a ring slipped over a pivot journal of the bearing shield the ring being supported by two bearing bodies secured against rotating, the latter being located one on either side of a longitudinal center plane containing the shaft axis and below a transverse plane containing the shaft axis and being normal to the center plane.

Abstract: A cooled pressure sensor includes a first housing part with inlet and out pipes for a cooling medium and a second housing part sealed gas-tight by means of a membrane and containing a signal generating element for force or displacement sensing. Several cooling channels are located in the wall of the second housing part, the coding channel being at least indirectly connected to the inlet and outlet pipes and positioned around the signal generating element to be cooled and/or are directed towards the membrane subject to high thermal loads to achieve better cooling performance.

Abstract: A piezoelectric crystal element for surface acoustic wave applications with a quartz substrate with at least one substantially planar quartz surface, the planar quartz surface having an epitaxially grown layer of a quartz-isomorphous crystal with the total molecular formula ABO.sub.4, A standing for Al or Ga, and B for P or As, and the quartz surface and the epitaxial layer having approximately the same crystallographic orientation.

Abstract: To permit axial shifting of a camshaft dependent on its angle of rotation, a shifting device is used which includes a shifting profile made up of two guide grooves which are configured as oppositely oriented helixes and end in ring-shaped idling grooves, and further includes an engaging element which may be introduced into the guide grooves by an activating element.

Abstract: For single-cylinder evaluation of an internal combustion engine, the respective angular velocity is measured--for respectively defined crank angle positions--at at least one component part of the internal combustion engine, the respective overall moment of inertia is calculated from the design data of the internal combustion engine and, while operating the overall moment of inertia with the angular velocity, the respective overall energy of the internal combustion engine is calculated. A single-cylinder evaluation can then be implemented from the comparison of these overall energies in cylinder-associated crank angle ranges.

Abstract: A charge amplifier circuit for balancing drift between periodically occurring measured signals includes a drift-compensating device with a sample/hold unit which is triggered by a trigger device in accordance with the period of the measured signals. The trigger device is connected for supplying trigger pulses, so that the drift at an output of the charge amplifier, determined at the end of a compensation period, can be taken into account by the sample/hold unit to supply a compensating current to an input of the charge amplifier. The triggering of the sample/hold unit can be performed by external or internal triggering arrangements, so that simple measurements can be undertaken without a large outlay of equipment.

Abstract: In order to achieve less deformation under gas pressure load and also under thermal load, the bottom piece of a piston with ring-carrying barrel is configured as a supporting cone tapering towards the piston pin and connected with the piston pin bosses by means of supporting elements. Cone, bosses and supporting elements are made in one piece. The supporting elements comprise walls extending essentially parallel to the axis of the piston pin. First distance (A) to the outer perimeter of the piston in the direction of the piston pin axis (Y--Y) are greater than the corresponding second distances (B) normal to this axis. The end parts of the walls are curved inwardly and leave open an area around an axis (X--X) normal to the piston pin axis.

Abstract: The oilpan of a low-noise crankcase is bolted to the downwardly extending ankcase sidewalls and has omega-shaped crosspieces extending transversely to the oilpan sidewalls and to the sidewalls of the crankcase, and the crosspieces are in alignment with the main bearing walls of the crankcase. The crosspieces form part of the oilpan and are connected to its sidewalls in such a manner that forces are propagated, the sidewalls being reinforced as compared to the bottom of the oilpan which is not reinforced. The oilpan is bolted to the crankcase by additional bolts located in pockets in the crosspieces on both sides of the cylinder axes, and are attached to the crankcase as far away from the outer walls thereof as possible.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for the evaluation of a starter motor current or of a magnitude proportional to it for determining the relative compressions of the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, in order to eliminate the distortion of the compression relationships between the individual cylinders, account is taken of the current/speed characteristic of the starter motor. Using a direct current series motor as the starter, from the starter current there is derived a magnitude N proportional to the actual speed according to the relationship N =1/i+k*i where i is the motor current. The correction factor K serves to take account of the departure of the characteristic from a hyperbolic curve.

Abstract: Individual single crystal elements stacked one above the other are aligned with their optical (Z) axes parallel to each other, and are provided with contact electrodes on opposite surfaces normal to their electrical (X) axes. Contact electrodes of the same polarity are conductively connected by two bridge electrodes that are applied to opposite sides of the assembled stack of individual crystal elements in the form of a conductive coating, and are provided with a lead leaving the sensor element. Contact electrodes of the opposite polarity are recessed in the vicinity of the bridge electrode serve the other polarity.

Abstract: The balancing weights of the engine are directly mounted on the camshaft which is driven from the engine crankshaft in a counter-rotational sense, using a pair of gears and a simple toothed belt. This simple design saves both space and weight.

Abstract: In order to observe and optically record the processes in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine during operation, at least one observation bore located in the wall of the combustion chamber is provided with a transparent window as well as an image pickup device, e.g. an endoscope, which may be inserted as far as to this window and is connected to an image recording unit by way of an image transmission device. In order to prevent the premature build-up of sooty deposits the window may be separated from the adjacent, cooled parts of the wall of the combustion chamber by a gap which will reduce the dissipation of heat.

Abstract: A water-cooled internal combustion engine powering the vehicle is mounted in an engine compartment comprising a sound-insulating capsule. Independent of and additionally to any possible blower ventilation of the capsule at least one separate inlet opening into the capsule is connected to an intake opening situated in an area which is exposed to dynamic pressure when the vehicle is in motion. The front cross-member may be provided with an intake opening open in the direction of motion as well as with a sound-absorbing lining, and the inflowing cooling air may be fed into the capsule via the adjacent longitudinal beams of the vehicle frame.

Abstract: Dry cylinder-liners are partly inserted into the liquid cooled lower part a common cylinder head, which is fastened to an upwardly extended crankcase by means of crankshaft main bearing studs having their threads at the level of the inserted parts of the liners. Thus, cylinders and crankcase are stress-relieved, permitting a simple design and the use of less expensive materials and production methods.

Abstract: A water-cooled internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection and in hich the cylinders are arranged in banks forming the shape of a V, the V-shape space between the cylinder banks is adapted as a receiving chamber for combustion air and for the accommodation of means for fuel injection by individual pumps associated with each cylinder. The provision of a single camshaft is arranged parallel to the cylinder banks and centrally above the receiving chamber and in that the push rods of the inlet and exhaust valves as well as the individual pumps are directly driven by the camshaft.