Abstract: Provided is an activated carbon lead energy storage/battery containing an improved negative activated electrode packet exhibiting substantially reduced resistance with ported paraffin impregnated expanded graphite foil shielding overlying a cutaway notch in the underlying current collector to permit sulfuric acid electrolyte infiltration.

Abstract: A method of making a single carbon sheet for an electrode includes mixing activated carbon; adding a dispersion comprising a PTFE binder and water to the activated carbon to form a mixture; adding the mixture to a jet mill, and fibrillating the PTFE binder; and feeding the mixture with fibrillated PTFE to a roll mill to form a single carbon sheet in a single pass.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant conductive liquid coating for a current collector is described herein. The coating includes a mixture of carbon and wax. The wax can be selected from a paraffin wax, a microcrystalline wax, and mixtures and combinations thereof. The mixture can have a carbon loading of approximately 10 to 50 wt. %, based on total weight of the mixture. Methods for protecting a current collector from material degradation are also described herein.

Abstract: Provided is an activated carbon lead energy storage/battery containing an improved negative activated electrode packet exhibiting substantially reduced resistance with ported paraffin impregnated expanded graphite foil shielding overlying a cutaway notch in the underlying current collector to permit sulfuric acid electrolyte infiltration.

Abstract: A method of making a single carbon sheet for an electrode includes mixing activated carbon; adding a dispersion comprising a PTFE binder and water to the activated carbon to form a mixture; adding the mixture to a jet mill, and fibrillating the PTFE binder; and feeding the mixture with fibrillated PTFE to a roll mill to form a single carbon sheet in a single pass.

Abstract: A system includes an uninterruptible power supply and a grid-tie inverter, connected to batteries via double conversion of high quality DC power sources. A Grid Interactive Double Conversion unit includes DC source with MPPT control and power modulation; a Bi-directional DC battery port; a Bi-direction AC grid port; a Pure Sine wave AC output; a Generator AC input, and DC contacts to prevent the inverter from back feeding generator during a power failure.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a current collector comprising embossing a sheet comprising lead thereby forming an embossed grid comprising rows of raised portions and lowered portions, and slots comprising edges of the raised portions and lowered portions; creating areas for tab creation by pressing or stamping areas of the embossed grid to a flattened state, thereby forming a sheet comprising embossed grid sections and flat sections; applying paste to the top and bottom of the embossed grid sections; and stamping current collectors out of the sheet such that at least one tab is created from a flat section.

Abstract: An electrode includes a current collector comprising a grid, said grid comprising a plurality of planar, parallel rows disposed between interleaved rows having raised and lowered segments, and a tab portion extending from a side of the current collector. Raised and lowered segments are disposed horizontally relative to the tab portion, thereby providing substantially uninterrupted conductive ribbons extending from the bottom of the current collector to the tab portion.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a hybrid energy storage device includes a current collector; a corrosion-resistant conductive coating secured to at least one face of the current collector; a sheet comprising activated carbon adhered to the corrosion-resistant conductive coating; a tab portion extending from a side of the negative electrode; and a lug comprising a lead or lead alloy that encapsulates at least part of the tab portion.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a hybrid energy storage device includes a current collector; a corrosion-resistant conductive coating secured to at least one face of the current collector; a sheet comprising activated carbon adhered to the corrosion-resistant conductive coating; a tab portion extending from a side of the negative electrode; and a lug comprising a lead or lead alloy that encapsulates at least part of the tab portion.

Abstract: A hybrid energy storage device includes at least one cell comprising at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, a separator placed between said at least one positive and said at least one negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The at least one positive electrode comprises an active material comprising lead and a tab extending from a side of the at least one positive electrode. The at least one negative electrode comprises an activated carbon material, a tab extending from a side of the at least one negative electrode, and a lead lug encapsulating said tab. A first cast-on lead strap is on the tab extending from said at least one positive electrode. A second cast-on lead strap is on the lead lug of the at least one negative electrode.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a hybrid energy storage device includes a current collector; a corrosion-resistant conductive coating secured to at least one face of the current collector; a sheet comprising activated carbon adhered to the corrosion-resistant conductive coating; a tab portion extending from a side of the negative electrode; and a lug comprising a lead or lead alloy that encapsulates at least part of the tab portion.

Abstract: A hybrid supercapacitor energy storage device includes at least one lead electrode, at least one carbon electrode, a separator, a casing, and an acid electrolyte. The lead electrode is enveloped in a common glass mat separator known in the lead-acid battery industry. The carbon electrode comprises a highly conductive current collector which is a sheet or other metal material sandwiched between two sheets of electronically conductive shield material. Activated carbon is manufactured using a binder such as polyethylene or PTFE adhered to and in electrical contact with the shield material of the current collector.

Abstract: A hybrid energy storage device includes at least one cell comprising at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, a separator placed between said at least one positive and said at least one negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The at least one positive electrode comprises an active material comprising lead and a tab extending from a side of the at least one positive electrode. The at least one negative electrode comprises an activated carbon material, a tab extending from a side of the at least one negative electrode, and a lead lug encapsulating said tab. A first cast-on lead strap is on the tab extending from said at least one positive electrode. A second cast-on lead strap is on the lead lug of the at least one negative electrode.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a hybrid energy storage device includes a current collector; a corrosion-resistant conductive coating secured to at least one face of the current collector; a sheet comprising activated carbon adhered to the corrosion-resistant conductive coating; a tab portion extending from a side of the negative electrode; and a lug comprising a lead or lead alloy that encapsulates at least part of the tab portion.

Abstract: A novel electrode and method of making the same. The electrode includes activated carbon that has been modified by treatment with an alkali solution and an acid, such as nitric acid, and then washed and dried. The carbon may then be annealed. The method of modifying the activated carbon helps produce an electrode with considerably higher electric capacity and stable electric characteristics. Additionally, the electrodes may be produced more quickly and inexpensively and, therefore, permits their production of electrodes that are used for superconductors.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes at least one positive electrode comprising a current collector comprising lead and having a plurality of raised and lowered portions with respect to a mean plane of the current collector and slots formed between the raised and lowered portions, wherein lead dioxide paste is adhered to and in electrical contact with the surfaces thereof; and a tab portion; and at least one negative electrode comprising a carbon material.