Abstract: Described are electrochemical systems and methods for the generation of high purity hydride gases, e.g. for delivery to semiconductor fabrication reactors.

Abstract: An internally powered electromagnetic signal transmitter is described in which defined magnetic fields direct beta radioisotope electrons to induce gigahertz oscillations in resonant cavities. The device resonant cavities can be fabricated from light weight metalized plastic materials to greatly decrease its weight compared to conventional gigahertz sources. The transmitter output power, frequencies, and longevity are a function of the magnetic field strength, radioisotope quantity, half-life, and decay energy. Embodiments of the disclosed devices can transmit frequencies in the S and Ka bands.

Abstract: A power or photon source uses beta electrons emitted by a radioisotope. The beta electrons encounter a magnetic field which can confine them into helical trajectories to efficiently generate excimer photons from a precursor gas. In electrical power generation embodiments, the emitted photons are used to ultimately generate electricity. The photons, or derivative photons emitted by a phosphor, can be absorbed by photovoltaic cell(s) to generate the electrical power.