Abstract: Ionic liquid epoxide monomers capable of reacting with cross-linking agents to form polymers with high tensile and adhesive strengths. Ionic liquid epoxide monomers comprising at least one bis(glycidyl) N-substituted nitrogen heterocyclic cation are made from nitrogen heterocycles corresponding to the bis(glycidyl) N-substituted nitrogen heterocyclic cations by a method involving a non-nucleophilic anion, an alkali metal cation, epichlorohydrin, and a strong base.

Abstract: Ionic liquid epoxide monomers that react with cross-linking agents to form polymers exhibiting high tensile and adhesive strengths are described. The polymers exhibit high tensile and adhesive strengths at extremely low temperatures and are stable at elevated temperatures. The polymer resins are particularly well-suited for use as adhesives, and in coatings, composites, and articles of manufacture.

Abstract: Ionic liquid epoxide monomers capable of reacting with cross-linking agents to form polymers with high tensile and adhesive strengths. Ionic liquid epoxide monomers comprising at least one bis(glycidyl) N-substituted nitrogen heterocyclic cation are made from nitrogen heterocycles corresponding to the bis(glycidyl) N-substituted nitrogen heterocyclic cations by a method involving a non-nucleophilic anion, an alkali metal cation, epichlorohydrin, and a strong base.

Abstract: Ionic liquid epoxide monomers that react with cross-linking agents to form polymers exhibiting high tensile and adhesive strengths are described. The polymers exhibit high tensile and adhesive strengths at extremely low temperatures and are stable at elevated temperatures. The polymer resins are particularly well-suited for use as adhesives, and in coatings, composites, and articles of manufacture.

Abstract: A portable device for measuring total reflectance from the surface of an object by means of electromagnetic radiation has a housing defining an ellipsoidal chamber having a reflective interior surface, a first focus, an opposite second focus. The chamber defines a first aperture at the first focus, the first aperture being adapted for placement against the surface of the object so that a portion of the surface is in optical communication with the chamber. A light source illuminates the portion of the surface of the object through the first aperture with the electromagnetic radiation of a predetermined waveband, such as infrared. A means for measuring the radiation is disposed adjacent the second focus, so that when the first aperture is placed against the object, the electromagnetic radiation illuminates the object in an area adjacent the first focus. The reflected radiation, both specular and scattered, is directed by the interior reflective surface to the radiation measuring means.