Abstract: A device for the production of at least two adjacent perforation rows in cigarettes and/or filter-lining paper or filter-wrapping paper comprises a pulsed laser light source with mirrors as well as an optical element which serves for both beam splitting and focusing of the produced partial beams. This optical element with two foci is preferably ground out of a collecting-lens blank or is formed from two parts of a collecting lens, which are combined to form the optical element. In one embodiment this optical element consists of the two equal havles of a collecting lens cut perpendicularly to the center plane thereof, which halves were displaced relative to each other and then combined again. As an alternative thereto, a central area of the output collecting lens running in the direction of the center plane can be cut out and the remaining peripheral portions can be combined, by means of which an optical element with two foci also results.

Abstract: For the moistening of comminuted, more particularly overdried, smoking materials, the requisite quantity of water is applied in at least two spraying sections situated one in succession to the other, in which the water is divided into tiny droplets by means of ultrasonic atomizers. Cooling sections are arranged between the individual spraying sections.

Abstract: A filter tip for a smoking product comprised of a filter rod attached at one end to the smoking product. The filter rod is surrounded by a tip wrapping layer which terminates at a distance from the mouth end of the filter rod. The projecting end of the rod is tapered toward the mouth end. The taper causes smoke drawn through the filter tip to flow out obliquely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the smoking product.

Abstract: A device for determining continuously the hardness of a smokable article, more particularly a cigarette, from the mechanical properties of a rod of tobacco fibres during the manufacture of this smokable article, which ascertains the temperature of the former finger which compacts the rod of tobacco fibres to a predetermined diameter dependent on the diameter of the finished smokable article. This temperature measurement, which can be carried out by a thermocouple element, a resistance thermometer or a semiconductor temperature sensor, represents an exact reproducible measure of the hardness of the smokable article which is produced with this rod of tobacco fibres.

Abstract: A tip for a smokable article comprises a tubularly arranged covering material with an air-pervious ventilation zone, and also a tubular core which is within the covering material and which contains no filter material. The air-impervious tube wall of this core has a tubular outlet region directed towards the smoker and also a conically tapering inlet region provided with a small inlet aperture and directed towards the tobacco. Between the core and the covering material, through-flow ducts are formed by appropriate shaping of the surface of the core and these in conjunction with the remaining shape of the core define the draw resistance of this tip, and at the same time dilute the smoke through the air aspirated through the ventilation zone.This core can be manufactured from an extruded tubular blank of synthetic plastic material, in which the ducts are formed sectionwise by means of eccentrics.

Abstract: Aromatic substances are produced from diterpene fractions in a solvent which is oxidized in the absence of photochemically active radiation. The oxidation is performed with an oxidizing agent in the presence of a catalyst. The oxidizing agent is selected from oxygen, peroxo compounds, halogenates and periodates. The catalyst is selected from compounds of tin, lead, cerium, and transition metals of groups Ib, IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb and VIII.

Abstract: For the production of crimped fibre pieces from reconstituted tobacco a mixture of tobacco dust and/or tobacco waste, binders and possibly additives is extruded by a special die or nozzle head to filiform intermediate products with preferably rectangular to slightly lenticular cross-section which immediately after leaving the die head can be cut to give crimped fibre pieces. For forming this crimping no further operation is necessary.

Abstract: A token, such as a coin for making change in a cigarette package dispensing machine, is inserted into a "hard pack" or box of the type having a hinged lid by placing the token on the front face of the box, pressing down on the front face to form a slit-like opening under the edge of the lid, and then shoving the token under the lid through the opening. One or more recesses can be formed in a box insert under the lid to accept the token or tokens. An apparatus for accomplishing this is disclosed.

Abstract: A stream dryer comprises in addition to the control bypass which bypasses the heat source a second ready-use bypass which is in parallel with the control bypass and bypasses the heat source. In the event of short-duration interruptions in working, the supply of steam is interrupted and the circulation of the hot gas is maintained substantially only through the ready-use bypass, so that the temperature of the circulated hot gas substantially does not change when the relatively small heat losses due to surface and exhaust gas losses are compensated. Temperature regulation is effected through the agency of the control bypass in this state of readiness also.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cigarette paper having the conventional burning additives and fillers containing from 20 to 50% by weight of bast fibres of fine fibrillation, with which a degree of grinding of at least 85 SR is produced. The cigarette paper produced according to this formulation has a pore structure which greatly promotes diffusion, in particular diffusion of carbon monoxide.

Abstract: The opening and closing of a sealing arrangement for the connection of a cylindrical body with an inside flange elastically deformed during opening, is controlled by a magnetic operating device, the axially opposite parts of which are disposed on a holding body attached to the sealing arrangement and along a control path past which the sealing arrangement moves.

Abstract: A sealing arrangement for the temporary attachment of a testing air line to the end of a cigarette has an essentially hollow cylindrical sealing body with flanges projecting radially to the inside and outside of the sealing end. The other end of the sealing body is held firmly. The outside edge of the outwardly projecting flange of the sealing body is inserted into a coaxial annular groove of the bore of a supporting body movable axially toward the held end to elastically deform the sealing body, permitting insertion or removal of the cigarette. In its undeformed state the sealing body seals against the cigarette end.

Abstract: A device for determining the concentration of condensable vapor in a flowing gas stream which includes a gas evacuation conduit for receiving a sample of gas from the stream, a gas condenser in the evacuation conduit for condensing out essentially all of the condensable vapors in the sample and a gas flowmeter connected to the gas discharge of the gas condenser for determining the flow of the dry gas sample exiting the condenser. A pump is provided for withdrawing a sample of gas from the flowing gas stream and for conveying this sample at a constant, known volumetric flow through conduit and to the gas condenser and the flowmeter and a control means operatively connected to the flowmeter determines the condensable vapor concentration by comparing the flow of the dry gas sample with the known volumetric flow fed to the condenser.

Abstract: In a process for determining the resistance to draw and the gas permeability of a test piece, for example a cigarette or a cigarette paper, a linearly increasing or decreasing volumetric flow is conveyed through the test piece. The volumetric flow and the pressure drop at the test piece are measured continuously and compared with predetermined reference values. When there is equality between at least one measured value and a reference value, the measured value pair under consideration, volumetric flow/pressure drop, is detected. It is thus possible, on the one hand, to determine the characteristic curve of the test piece, i.e. the change in the pressure drop with the volumetric flow, over a greater range of the volumetric flow, and, on the other hand, to measure pairs of values for accurately defined values of the volumetric flow and/or the pressure drop.

Abstract: To determine the force acting on a test piece and the resultant change in parameters, the test piece is subjected to linearly increasing force. The resultant change in parameters and the force needed for this purpose are measured continuously and compared with predetermined reference values for these two variables. As soon as equality is determined between at least one measured value and its associated reference value, the value pair under consideration, force/change in parameters, is detected. This process can be used for the measurement of various mechanical variables.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the flow characteristics of a smokable article is provided. The apparatus comprises a smoking machine and a holding device coupled to the smoking machine for holding a smokable article. An air-tight chamber is movably mounted on the holding device for enclosing at least a portion of the smokable article. Flow characteristic measuring devices are coupled to the holding device for measuring the flow characteristics of a gas flowing through the smokable article.

Abstract: This invention relates to a material for tobacco smoke filters. This material comprises cellulose fibers containing amino groups and is obtainable by reacting certain amino compounds with certain reactive cellulose derivatives. Preferably, the filter material of the present invention contains from 70 .mu.moles to 2 mmoles of amino groups per gram of filter material.

Abstract: An apparatus for simulating a human smoking a smokable object which comprises an inhaling device for drawing smoke from the object and a motor which is coupled to the inhaling device for driving the inhaling device. The apparatus further comprises a control circuit for controlling the operation of the motor. The control circuit includes a circuit for receiving an analog signal corresponding to a human draw profile of the smoking of the object, a converter coupled to the receiving circuit for converting the analog signal to a pulse signal and a switching device for applying the pulse signal to the motor for controlling the operation of the motor.

Abstract: Aromatic substances to be applied to tobacco to improve aroma characteristics are prepared by exposing an alcoholic extract, which contains diterpenes and has been isolated from the surface resin of fresh tobacco plants, parts or from gum originating from tobacco flowers, to ultraviolet light and oxygen.

Abstract: Aromatic substances to be applied to tobacco to improve aroma characteristics are prepared by exposing an alcoholic extract, which contains carotenoids and may additionally contain diterpenes and has been isolated from fresh tobacco plants, to ultraviolet light and oxygen. Additionally, aromatic substances may be produced from xanthophyll containing plant extracts by the same method.