Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for cleaning tar-bearing waste water (17), a mixture of water and hydrocarbons, e.g. comprising polyaromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, the mixture is separated into a low-boiling-point part and a high-boiling-point part, bringing the low-boiling-point part on vapor form in a boiler (1), and the low-boiling-point part is cracked in vapor form at a high temperature in a reactor (2), providing light combustible gases, which can be utilized in e.g. gas engines, gas turbines or the like. Furthermore, the high-boiling-point part may be used for energy supply to the process or other processes or as an alternative be cracked for providing light combustible gases.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for cleaning tar-bearing waste water (17), a mixture of water and hydrocarbons, e.g. comprising polyaromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, the mixture is separated into a low-boiling-point part and a high-boiling-point part, bringing the low-boiling-point part on vapour form in a boiler (1), and the low-boiling-point part is cracked in vapour form at a high temperature in a reactor (2), providing light combustible gases, which can be utilised in e.g. gas engines, gas turbines or the like. Furthermore, the high-boiling-point part may be used for energy supply to the process or other processes or as an alternative be cracked for providing light combustible gases.

Abstract: In a method for reducing the leaching of oxyanion forming elements, in particular chromium, from materials containing environmentally noxious constituents, especially from incineration residues, especially flue gas cleaning products from waste incineration, in particular fly ash, the said materials are admixed with an aqueous medium such as water in a closed container in a liquid-solid ratio sufficient to cause reducing conditions capable of stabilizing oxyanion forming elements, in particular chromium, due to oxidation of metallic Al, Zn, Fe, and other free metals present in the said materials.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing compacted biomass is provided which include a conveying system forwarding compacted biomass in a controlled manner in a mainly horizontal direction, and first and second rotatable rollers positioned downstream of the conveying system with their axes of rotation generally horizontal and parallel. The first roller is positioned horizontally closer to the conveying system than the second roller. The first and second rollers are rotated in opposite directions with different peripheral speeds and the rollers are provided with teeth-like elements projecting from the outer surfaces to engage the compacted biomass material and to pass the material through a gap formed between the two rollers. The peripheral speed of the second roller is higher than the peripheral speed of the first roller, whereby the material to be processed is fed into the gap in a controlled manner and subjected to a stretching and loosening action in the gap with low energy consumption and high reliability.

Abstract: In a method for the treatment, in particular stabilization, of materials containing environmentally noxious constituents, especially from the incineration of waste, in which the materials are treated with ferrous compounds and water, the materials are washed and stabilized chemically using a solution containing ferrous ions (Fe++) which allows the formation of stabilizing ferric oxides (Fe+++) on the materials, the ferric oxide formation being carried out by means of an oxidation under controlled conditions with respect to the nature and the amount of oxidizing agent, temperature and pH, whereafter, if desired, the treated materials are subjected to a thermal after-treatment.