Abstract: A sensor is provided for analyzing an object at a focal point of a lens. The sensor includes a focused radiant energy source directed at the lens. The focused radiant energy source transmits a first beam of energy to the lens, vaporizing a portion of the object at the focal point of the lens. A second beam of energy is emitted from the vaporization of the object. A spectrometer is positioned to receive the second beam of energy emitted from the object. The second beam of energy is at least partially transmitted anti-parallel to the first beam of energy.

Abstract: A wideband multi-signal distributed exciter system for use with a phased antenna array is disclosed. The system includes a multi-signal generator that is configured with a dual direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) core, and is capable of generating multi-polarization signals over a given frequency range (e.g., 50 to 500 MHz) for each of N signals associated with a corresponding antenna element. An RF converter is adapted to receive multi-polarization signals from the multi-signal generator, and to convert those signals to a transmission frequency (e.g., 100 MHz to 10 GHz). A 2N signal summing module can be used to receive multi-polarization signals from each of the N dual DDS functions, and to generate an overall multi-polarization output signal that is provided for RF conversion. An identical set of multi-signal generator and RF converter modules can be associated with each element, thereby providing a high degree of modularity and interchangeability.

Abstract: A method and a system for implementing the method for determining an exposure gap between a mask and a resist material are provided. A first gratings is provided on one or more sides of a first structure defined by one or more first regions of the mask. A second gratings is provided on one or more sides of a second structure defined be one or more second regions of the mask. The first and the second structures are exposed to incident energy and the difference between a location in the first structure and a location in the second structure is measured. The exposure zap is extrapolated from the difference. The first and second structures are provided on the mask. The first gratings and the second gratings is provided by a mask writing tool.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for a low EMI power supply. In one embodiment, the power supply includes a control circuit, a power switch connected to the control circuit, an anti-parallel diode connected to the power switch, an inductor coupled to the anti-parallel diode, an output diode coupled to the inductor, and an output capacitor connected to the output diode. In another embodiment, the power supply includes a series diode and no anti-parallel diode. The power supply provides a controllable and variable high voltage power supply from a small number of devices while, at the same time, producing low EMI. Power conversion is achieved at high efficiencies due to the recycling of energy in parasitic capacitance. Due to its low EMI, the power supply is particularly well suited for driving electronic devices such as avalanche photodiodes.

Abstract: In a multi-user detection system in which interfering signals are purposely allowed to exist, a parameter estimation unit is provided which utilizes signal processing for determining the channel transfer function for each received signal, including the received power, phase of the oscillator, timing offset relative to the base station clock carrier frequency offset, and number of multipaths replicas and delays for each replica, with the system providing realtime uninterrupted estimates of these parameters required by the signal separation unit.

Abstract: A single-event upset tolerant sense latch circuit for sense amplifiers is disclosed. The single-event upset tolerant sense latch circuit includes a first set of isolation transistors, a second set of isolation transistors, a first set of dual-path inverters, a second set of dual-path inverters, and an isolation transistor. The first set of isolation transistors is coupled to a first bitline, and the second set of isolation transistors is coupled to a second bitline. The second bitline is complementary to the first bitline. The first set of dual-path inverters is coupled to the first set of isolation transistors, and the first set of dual-path inverters includes a first transistor connected to a second transistor in series along with a third transistor connected to a fourth transistor in series.

Abstract: An infrared countermeasures system is provided by ganging a plurality of modulators each of which modulates the output of a radiant source to generate at least one collimated beam of radiation. The modulators are so disposed with respect to each other that the beams generated the reby are staggered in angular phase. When the modulators are rotated together they will provide at a point in space remote therefrom a signal comprising a burst of pulses followed by a dead time when no signal is present.

Abstract: A single event upset hardened memory cell to be utilized in static random access memories is disclosed. The single event upset hardened memory cell includes a first set of cross-coupled transistors, a second set of cross-coupled transistors, and a set of isolation transistors. The set of isolation transistors is coupled to the first set of cross-coupled transistors such that two inversion paths are formed between the cross-coupled transistors and the isolation transistors.