Abstract: Disclosed is a pre-formed insulation module (310, 320) for insulating a process component having opposed longitudinally extending contacting surfaces (390) extending along a length thereof and terminal contacting surfaces (337, 387) at each end thereof comprising: a) at least one first inner insulation layer (314) being constituted of an insulation material having suitable thermal shock characteristic under cryogenic conditions and having one surface (314d) proximate or contacting with a component to be insulated; b) at least one second outer insulation layer disposed radially outwardly of said inner insulation layer (314); c) at least one water vapour barrier layer (319); d) a cladding layer (318).

Abstract: A fire retardant agent to be incorporated in a plastic, especially polyurethane foam which functions as a foaming agent and comprises a mixture of soluble ammonium salts selected from the group consisting of ammonium monophosphate, ammonium diphosphate and an ammonium halide; and urea. Processes and apparatus for the production of a polyurethane foam are also described.