Abstract: Drilling mud is flowed through a valve assembly that is set at a particular open amount, measurements are taken of mud flowrate and a force exerted by the drilling mud onto a portion of the valve assembly, and density of the drilling mud is estimated based on historical data. The historical data is generated by directing multiple flows through the valve assembly, where the flows are at different flowrates, and at each flowrate different drilling muds having different densities are directed through the valve assembly. For each flow the valve assembly is adjusted to different open amounts, and a corresponding force exerted by the flow onto the valve assembly is measured. An example of the valve assembly is a mud pulser with a plug member that engages an orifice opening, a sensor in the pulser measures force exerted by the flow of mud.

Abstract: A backup includes an anchor portion, an operable portion extending from the tip of the anchor portion, and an S section having a curvilinear line therein and where a substantially constant thickness of material from the line to an inside surface of the S section and a substantially nonconstant thickness of material from the curvilinear line toward an outside surface. A backup system including a backup, a gauge ring engageable with the anchor portion, the gauge ring including a contact surface with a back angle configured to engage the S section when the backup is set. A seal system including a mandrel, a backup, disposed on the mandrel, a gauge ring disposed on the mandrel and configured to interact with the backup; and a seal element disposed on the mandrel.

Abstract: A valve assembly includes a valve body, a bonnet coupled to the valve body, a stem within the stem bore, a bonnet cap axially aligned with the bonnet along a stem bore axis, and a valve drive train coupled to the stem. The valve assembly also includes a first eutectic ring, positioned between a bonnet cap interior surface and an upper shelf of the valve drive train, the first eutectic ring blocking axially upward movement of the valve drive train when in a solid state, and a second eutectic ring, positioned between a lower bonnet cap interior surface and a lower shelf of the valve drive train to fill a gap, wherein the bonnet cap is configured to move in an axially downward direction after the first and second eutectic ring transition to a flowable state.

Abstract: An earth-boring rotary drill tool may comprise a body comprising a pin, a roller cone mounted on the pin, and a seal assembly disposed between the pin and the roller cone. The first ring may comprise longitudinally converging sidewall surfaces defining a minimum radial thickness of the first ring at points of tangential intersection with a convex curved surface spanning a radial thickness of the first ring. The second ring may comprise a concave surface located and configured to interface over an area of contact with the convex curved surface of the first ring. The third ring may be positioned adjacent to, and concentric with, the second ring. The second ring may be disposed radially inward from the third ring. The first ring may also contact a surface of the roller cone or an insert ring adjacent the roller cone to form a seal between the first ring and the surface.

Abstract: A whipstock anchor system including a whipstock, an anchor attached to the whipstock, an actuator operably connected to the anchor, and a whipstock support connected by a signal capable line to the actuator, the support including a trigger responsive to a flow rate of fluid past the support. A method for setting a whipstock anchor including running the system to a target depth, flowing fluid to a threshold rate, closing the trigger to complete a circuit, sending a signal with the closed circuit to the actuator, and setting the anchor. A borehole system including a borehole in a subsurface formation, a string in the borehole, a whipstock anchor system disposed within or as a part of the string.

Abstract: A wedge to be used with a lockdown ring is disclosed. The lockdown ring is to be used with a wellhead. The wedge is enabled to engage a separation in the lockdown ring. The wedge includes a stopping feature to enable the wedge to be in one of a plurality of positions within the separation in the lockdown ring.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one of a mud density or a standoff, includes determining, a short-spaced density, a long-spaced density, and a time of sound propagation between a tool body and a borehole wall. The method also includes determining, based at least in part on the short-spaced density and the long-spaced density, a formation density using a spine-and-rib-diagram. The method further includes determining a distance-to-spine value based on the short-spaced density, the long-spaced density, and the formation density. The method includes determining a mud density approximation, based at least on the distance-to-spine value. The method also includes determining a standoff approximation, based at least on the mud density approximation. The method further includes determining, based at least on the mud density approximation and the standoff approximation, at least one of a computed mud density or a computed standoff.

Abstract: Multipurpose process chemicals have been developed, together with methods for producing and using the multipurpose process chemicals. In one aspect, a method for using a multipurpose process chemical includes the steps of reacting an aminoethyl imidazoline with a cyclic carbonate to form the multipurpose process chemical, and injecting the multipurpose process chemical into a system to address at least one of metal corrosion or hydrogen sulfide accumulation. In another aspect, a method for preparing a multipurpose process chemical includes the steps of obtaining an imidazoline synthesized from a fatty acid; combining the imidazoline with a cyclic carbonate to form a mixture; and heating the mixture at approximately 80° C. to synthesize the at least one adduct from the imidazoline and the cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: A system for evaluation of a sheathing behind a casing of a wellbore. One or more wave generators provide at least asymmetric lamb (AL) waves through a casing having an anisotropic property in a first mode of the system, and provide at least shear horizontal acoustic (SHA) waves through the casing in a second mode that is concurrent with the first mode. A receiver receives indications associated with the SHA waves and the AL waves. At least one processor determines a quality of the sheathing behind the casing based in part on the indications associated with the SHA waves and the AL waves.

Abstract: A seal system, including a first member comprising a material having a first density and the member having portions of a first density, a second member configured to be mechanically connected to the first member, an compliance portion at the first member, the compliance portion comprising the same material density and the portion having a second density, the compliance portion positioned to make contact with the second member when mechanically connected to the second member. A method for creating a sealed structure including mechanically connecting the first and second members to one another, causing a deformation at a contact area between the compliance portion and the second member, and creating a seal at the deformation. A borehole system including a borehole in a subsurface formation, a string in the borehole, and a seal disposed within or as a part of the string.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a slip hanger or a packoff to be used with oilfield equipment has a plurality of inner bowl segments that provides support to a plurality of slip segments on an inner side and has a singular outer bowl to support an outer side of the plurality of inner bowl segments, where the plurality of inner bowl segments include a plurality of first retention features to enable association with a plurality of second retention features of the outer bowl.

Abstract: A valve assembly includes a valve body, a bonnet coupled to the valve body, a stem within the stem bore, a bonnet cap axially aligned with the bonnet along a stem bore axis, and a valve drive train coupled to the stem. The valve assembly also includes a first eutectic ring, positioned between a bonnet cap interior surface and an upper shelf of the valve drive train, the first eutectic ring blocking axially upward movement of the valve drive train when in a solid state, and a second eutectic ring, positioned between a lower bonnet cap interior surface and a lower shelf of the valve drive train to fill a gap, wherein the bonnet cap is configured to move in an axially downward direction after the first and second eutectic ring transition to a flowable state.

Abstract: Methods of making cutting elements for earth-boring tools may involve intermixing discrete particles of superabrasive material with a binder material in a solvent to form a slurry. The slurry may be vacuum dried or spray dried to disaggregate individual precursor agglomerates including a group of discrete particles suspended in a discrete quantity of the binder material from one another. The precursor agglomerates may be sintered while exposing the precursor agglomerates to a quantity of catalyst material to form agglomerates including discrete quantities of polycrystalline, superabrasive material while inhibiting formation of inter-granular bonds among the agglomerates themselves. The agglomerates may subsequently be sintered while exposing the agglomerates to another quantity of catalyst material to form a table for the cutting element including inter-granular bonds among adjacent grains of the agglomerates.

Abstract: An injection valve for introducing fluids into a subsurface environment includes a valve housing including a conduit having an inlet and an outlet. A valve seat member is arranged in the valve housing. The valve seat member includes an outlet portion and a valve seat. An anti-rotation dart is arranged in the valve housing. The anti-rotation dart includes a valve element that selectively extends into the outlet portion and is engageable with the valve seat. An anti-rotation feature is provided on at least one of the valve seat and the anti-rotation dart. The anti-rotation feature constrains rotation of the anti-rotation dart relative to the valve seat.

Abstract: A wellbore system includes an upper head and a lower head coupled to the upper head by one or more fasteners. The wellbore system also includes a seal ring positioned within a seal pocket to engage the upper head to form a first seal interface between the upper head and the seal ring. The wellbore system includes a hanger arranged within a bore. The wellbore system includes a packoff positioned between the hanger and the lower head. The wellbore system includes one or more lock screws to apply a downward force to the packoff to establish a second seal interface between the packoff and the seal ring and a third seal interface between the packoff and the hanger.

Abstract: A system for separation of components of a natural gas product uses a first separation column to receive the natural gas product and to provide first stage components including a first component gas, uses a gas converter to provide second stage components that includes third component gas from at least a second component gas of such first stage components, and uses a second separation column to provide third stage components that includes the first component gas, the third component gas, and one or more additional carbon-based components provided in or over a period of time associated with the separation of the components of the natural gas product.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining the orientation of the toolface of a rotating downhole tool using multiple sensors that measure different parameters related to the orientation of the toolface, where outputs of the different sensors are used by a Kalman filter which generates accurate predictions of the toolface orientation (state) at each of a series of time steps. The Kalman filter generates a state prediction based on a physical model and a previous state, and updates the prediction based on a received sensor output. Another sensor output is fed through a phase locked loop to generate a sine wave at the fundamental frequency of the sensor signal. The sine wave is used to synchronize another sensor signal that is provided to the Kalman filter for further adjustment of the state prediction.

Abstract: A method of making a cutting element for use on an earth-boring tool may include forming the cutting element including a cutting table formed from a superabrasive polycrystalline material. The method may further include polishing a cutting surface of the cutting table by pulsing a laser onto the cutting surface of the cutting table. The cutting element may include a superabrasive polycrystalline cutting table including a cutting surface substantially free of micro-anomalies in the superabrasive material.

Abstract: An optical system employs a method for measuring an acoustic signal in a wellbore. The optical system includes an optical interrogator and an optical fiber. The optical fiber has a plurality of nominal sites uniformly spaced apart along a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber. A plurality of gratings are formed in the optical fiber. Each of the plurality of gratings is associated with a nominal site and is separated from its associated nominal site by an offset distance. The offset distance is selected to reduce a destructive interference between reflections from the plurality of gratings. The optical interrogator transmits a light pulse into the optical fiber to measure the acoustic signal via a reflection of the light pulse from at least one of the plurality of gratings.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a polymer product includes continuously forming a temporary container; introducing an unsaturated monomer component and a radical polymerization component into the temporary container; sealing the temporary container to form a sealed temporary container; and allowing the unsaturated monomer component to polymerize in the sealed temporary container to form the polymer product via a radical polymerization reaction.