Abstract: A liner and method of application for use on a metal surface to protect metal structures such as cooling towers, evaporative condensers, and other liquid containing vessels such as tanks from corrosion, leaks, and wear. The liner is an inexpensive apparatus and process comprising a coated metal having a second sealing and bonding layer and a third protective sealing layer. The liner method comprises applying an organic bonding layer onto the galvanized substrate, and applying an elastomeric barrier coating to the bonding layer. The barrier coating material is applied to preseal the seams between adjoining panels assembled to form the basin. The barrier coating is applied to the entire inside of the basin to form a homogenous barrier coating extending out of the basin. The liner edge is isolated from the basin by extending the liner to a point between the basin and an upper section.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section. The indirect evaporative heat exchange section is comprised of a series of serpentine tubes, and an evaporative liquid is passed downwardly onto the indirect heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid is collected in a sump and then pumped upwardly to be distributed again across the indirect heat exchange section. An improved heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section consisting of a series of serpentine tubes comprised of run sections return bend sections of both normal and increased height. A direct heat exchange section may be provided in the vertical spacing between run sections formed by the increased height return bends.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section. The indirect evaporative heat exchange section is comprised of a series of serpentine tubes, and an evaporative liquid is passed downwardly onto the indirect heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid is collected in a sump and then pumped upwardly to be distributed again across the indirect heat exchange section. An improved heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section consisting of a series of serpentine tubes comprised of tube runs both of normal and increased height between tube runs A direct heat exchange section may be provided in the increased vertical spacing between tube runs A secondary spray distribution may also be provided in the increased vertical spacing between tube runs.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section. An evaporative liquid is downwardly distributed onto the indirect section to indirectly exchange sensible heat with a hot fluid stream flowing within a series of enclosed circuits which comprise the indirect evaporative heat exchange section. An ideal flow rate for such evaporative liquid is between 2.5 and 3.5 gallons per minute per square foot of top surface area of the indirect heat exchange section.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section and a direct evaporative heat exchange section. The indirect evaporative heat exchange section is usually located above the direct evaporative heat exchange section, and an evaporative liquid is passed downwardly onto the indirect heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid that exits the indirect evaporative heat exchange section then passes downwardly across and through the direct heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid is collected in a sump and then pumped upwardly to be distributed again across the indirect heat exchange section. The indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a plate type heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section and a direct evaporative heat exchange section. The indirect evaporative heat exchange section is usually located above the direct evaporative heat exchange section, and an evaporative liquid is passed downwardly onto the indirect heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid that exits the indirect evaporative heat exchange section then passes downwardly across and through the direct heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid is collected in a sump and then pumped upwardly to be distributed again across the indirect heat exchange section. The indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a plate type heat exchanger. An improved heat exchange apparatus is provided with indirect evaporative heat exchange section consisting of a plate type heat exchanger which provides more surface area per volume compared to other designs.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section and a direct evaporative heat exchange section. The indirect evaporative heat exchange section is usually located above the direct evaporative heat exchange section, and an evaporative liquid is passed downwardly onto the indirect heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid that exits the direct evaporative heat exchange section then passes downwardly across and through the indirect heat exchange section. The evaporative liquid is collected in a sump and then pumped upwardly to be distributed again across the direct heat exchange section. The indirect heat exchange section is comprised of a plate type heat exchanger.

Abstract: An adjustable support assembly is provided that includes a front left base support, a front left lower elongated support and a front left upper elongated support. Also included are a front right base support, a front right lower elongated support, and a front right upper elongated support. Such supports are designed to be placed in a structural wall, particularly the structural wall of the cooling tower, wherein an opening would be cut in the wall to receive an entry door. The support assembly provides structural integrity from the lower section of the cooling tower to the upper section of the cooling tower, and allows the door opening to be cut out without loss of such structural integrity.

Abstract: A cooling tower or, in alternate operation an evaporative condenser, is provided having a dry sensible or indirect heat exchange section and an evaporative heat exchange section. The dry sensible section includes a coil circuit through which a liquid to be cooled passes. The evaporative section is below the dry sensible section and may include a coil circuit or fill sheets. Modulating louvers are provided to allow the air flow and accordingly the evaporative loading to be varied between the dry sensible section and the evaporative section.

Abstract: An adjustable support assembly is provided that includes a front left base support, a front left lower elongated support and a front left upper elongated support. Also included are a front right base support, a front right lower elongated support, and a front right upper elongated support. Such supports are designed to be placed in a structural wall, particularly the structural wall of the cooling tower, wherein an opening would be cut in the wall to receive an entry door. The support assembly provides structural integrity from the lower section of the cooling tower to the upper section of the cooling tower, and allows the door opening to be cut out without loss of such structural integrity.

Abstract: A mechanical draft cooling tower is provided. The cooling tower includes a direct cooling section having a plurality of fill sheets. Water is sprayed downwardly over the fill sheets and is collected in a collection sump. The collection sump includes two end walls, two side walls, a floor and a drain. The end walls are sloped at the floor intersection. The floor is sloped to a center section where the drain is located.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for cooling fluids entering a closed circuit cooling tower. A triple circuit assembly is used to cool the fluid in the closed loop. The triple circuit assembly design allows a heat transfer tube bundle to maintain a relatively low pressure drop, but without simultaneously lowering thermal performance to a significant degree as compared to traditional double serpentine or QUAD serpentine designs.

Abstract: An assembly for connecting two vertically aligned cooling tower modules is provided. The assembly includes a lower module with a top structural edge and an upper module with a bottom structural edge. The top structural edge of the lower module includes an outer structural component and an inner sealing component. The bottom structural edge of the upper module includes an outer structural component and an inner sealing component. The outer structural component of the lower module has a generally flat surface that supports the bottom generally flat surface of the outer structural component of the top module. The inner sealing component of the top structural edge of the lower module includes a generally flat surface that abuts the inner generally flat surface of the outer structural component of the top structural edge of the lower module.

Abstract: A mechanical draft cooling tower includes an air inlet and an air outlet. A liquid spray assembly is provided below the air outlet. A fill shell assembly is provided below the liquid spray assembly such that liquid can be sprayed onto the fill sheet assembly. An indirect heat exchange assembly is mounted beneath the fill sheet assembly. The indirect assembly usually comprises a series of coils through which a fluid to be cooled is circulated. A first air inlet is provided beneath the fill sheet assembly and includes a closing assembly. A second air inlet is provided beneath a top surface of the indirect assembly and includes a closing assembly.

Abstract: A mechanical draft cooling tower includes an air inlet and an air outlet. A liquid spray assembly is provided below the air outlet. A fill shell assembly is provided below the liquid spray assembly such that liquid can be sprayed onto the fill sheet assembly. An indirect heat exchange assembly is mounted beneath the fill sheet assembly. The indirect assembly usually comprises a series of coils through which a fluid to be cooled is circulated. A first air inlet is provided beneath the fill sheet assembly and includes a closing assembly. A second air inlet is provided beneath a top surface of the indirect assembly and includes a closing assembly.

Abstract: A method of controlling the operation of a heat exchanger with evaporative and non-evaporative sections. The method includes the following steps: providing desired values of temperature or pressure; comparing present values of temperature or pressure to the desired values of temperature and pressure; and manipulating an air flowrate to the heat exchanger and load to the evaporative heat exchanger to optimize total energy and water costs while maintaining an outlet fluid at the desired temperature or pressure.

Abstract: The heat exchange apparatus and method is provided with an indirect evaporative heat exchange section and a direct evaporative heat exchange section. An evaporative liquid is sprayed downwardly into the direct evaporative section to directly exchange heat from the evaporative liquid flowing across fill sheets. The evaporative liquid is then collected in a re-spray tray. The collected evaporative liquid is then sprayed onto an indirect evaporative heat exchange section to indirectly exchange sensible heat from a fluid stream flowing within a series of enclosed circuits comprising the indirect evaporative heat exchange section.

Abstract: An assembly for connecting two adjacent liquid collection basins is provided. The assembly includes a flume for connecting a first liquid collection basin to a second liquid collection basin. The flume comprises a generally rectangular structure having a top section, bottom section and two side sections, with an inward flange along one side of the flume and an outward flange along an opposite side of the flume. The flume is inserted through an opening in a wall of the first collection basin, through an opening in the wall of the second collection basin and affixed to each wall, in some embodiments with the use of a support frame.

Abstract: A closed circuit evaporative heat exchanger comprises an air distribution plenum (4), means (36) for spraying water into the plenum (4) and a collection surface (22) for collecting unevaporated water sprayed into the plenum (4). The water is arranged to drain into a sump (16) within the plenum (4) without remaining on the collection surface (22).

Abstract: A heat exchanger coil assembly is made up of arrays of substantially equally spaced apart serpentine circuits located in the coil assembly region of the conduit, with adjacent circuits being arranged in a parallel offset fashion in which adjacent return bends are overlapping. The tubes have an effective diameter of D. Depression areas are provided at the points of overlap to locally reduce the diameter at the overlap. This provides a circuit-to-circuit with a density D/S>1.0, preferably greater than 1.02, where S is the spacing between adjacent circuits and D is the effective diameter of the tubes.