Abstract: Various embodiments provide a handheld applicator for treating skin by means of microwave radiation. The applicator comprises an applicator housing, a microwave emitter configured to emit microwave radiation for treating tissue in a target area, and an actuator assembly configured to move the microwave emitter relative to the applicator housing whilst emitting microwave radiation for increasing uniformity of tissue treatment in the target area. Other embodiments relate to an applicator pad for a handheld applicator, a skin treatment kit, a waveguide section for directing microwave radiation toward skin, and a skin treatment apparatus for treating skin by means of microwave radiation.

Abstract: A method of determining the presence or absence in a sample of a biomarker indicative of exposure to mycobacteria, the method comprising: (a) providing a substrate carrying a mycolic acid derived antigen; (b) contacting the substrate with the sample; (c) contacting the substrate with a fluorophore species; (d) creating an evanescent wave at the boundary of the substrate and the sample; (e) detecting the presence or absence of fluorescence.

Abstract: A method of preparing a compound of formula (III): (M)x-(S)y-(M?)z??(III) wherein x is from 1 to 6, y is from 1 to 12, z is from 0 to 10, each M and each M? is independently a mycolic acid residue including a ?-hydroxy acid moiety and each S is a monosaccharide unit; the method comprising reacting one or more mycolic acids with one or more saccharide units wherein the hydroxyl group of each ?-hydroxy acid moiety is protected prior to reaction with the one or more saccharide units.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a synchronization method suitable for increasing the receiving speed in the receiving part of an orthogonal optical frequency division multiplexing (OOFDM) transceiver.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) for use in the treatment of a disease of the immune system; wherein R is an optionally-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl moiety having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R1 is an optionally-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl moiety having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms; each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently selected from an optionally-substituted alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, arylalkylene or alkylarylene moiety having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms; each of X, Y and Z is independently selected from an optionally-substituted alkylene, alkenylene, alkenylene, arylene, alkylarylene, cycloalkylene, ketone, ester, amide, imide, imine, thioether, ether, thioester and thioketone; and P is selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group, a sugar residue, or a metal, phosphonium or ammonium species; wherein at least one of X, Y and Z includes a moiety selected from cyclopropyl, C=A, C-AH and C—OR5; wherein R5 is alkyl or haloalkyl, and A is O,

Abstract: A method of preparing a compound of formula (III): (M)x-(S)y-(M?)z??(III) wherein x is from 1 to 6, y is from 1 to 12, z is from 0 to 10, each M and each M? is independently a mycolic acid residue including a ?-hydroxy acid moiety and each S is a monosaccharide unit; the method comprising reacting one or more mycolic acids with one or more saccharide units wherein the hydroxyl group of each ?-hydroxy acid moiety is protected prior to reaction with the one or more saccharide units.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) for use as an adjuvant in vaccination; wherein R is an optionally-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl moiety having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms; R1 is an optionally-substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl moiety having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms; each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently selected from an optionally-substituted alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, arylalkylene or alkylarylene moiety having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms; each of X, Y and Z is independently selected from an optionally-substituted alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, alkylarylene or cycloalkylene, ketone, ester, amide, imide, imine, thioether, ether, thioester, thioketone; and P is selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group, a sugar residue, or a metal, phosphonium or ammonium species; wherein at least one of X, Y and Z includes a moiety selected from cyclopropyl, C=A, C-AH and C—OR5; wherein R5 is alkyl or haloalkyl, and A is S, O or NR6, wherein R6

Abstract: A method of determining the presence or absence in a sample of a biomarker, the method comprising: (a) linking an antigen to colloidal gold to provide a gold-antigen species; (b) contacting the gold-antigen species with the sample; (c) adding a diagnosis agent to the sample; and (d) observing the colour of the sample.

Abstract: A method of determining the presence or absence in a sample of a biomarker indicative of exposure to mycobacteria, the method comprising: (a) providing a substrate carrying a mycolic acid derived antigen; (b) contacting the substrate with the sample; (c) contacting the substrate with a fluorophore species; (d) creating an evanescent wave at the boundary of the substrate and the sample; (e) detecting the presence or absence of fluorescence.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for real time optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OOFDM) transceivers by adaptively utilising available channel spectral characteristics.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a solid component rich in a petroselinic compound from the seed of a plant of the Apiaceae or Araliaceae families, the method comprising: (a) treating a portion of the seed of the plant with an extraction solvent; and (b) inducing formation of the solid component.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of dye-sensitised solar cells and discloses a method for reducing the temperature necessary for sintering the metal oxide paste coating the electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of dye-sensitized solar cells and discloses a method for reducing the temperature necessary for sintering the metal oxide paste coating the electrode. The method comprises applying a colloid comprising a metal oxide, a solvent and a binder to an electrode and heating the coated electrode to a temperature of at most 300° C. for sintering the metal oxide following by cooling the electrode coated with sintered metal oxide. A process for preparing dye sensitized solar cells is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for achieving optimised synchronous clock distribution of point-to-multipoint optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed networks such that bandwidth sharing in both the time and frequency domain is possible without interference between users. The invention details how all clocked components in the network are synchronised such that no clock offset compensation is required anywhere in the network. Also the present invention discloses a method for optimisation of the synchronous clocking method to maximise the system bit error rate (BER) performance, furthermore the present invention discloses a method for implementing multiband-OOFDM where ONUs can easily select any OOFDM band for data reception providing network configuration flexibility.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC) and to a method for the low temperature platinisation of the counter-electrode which is applicable to a wide range of substrates.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the use of a semiconductor optical amplifier in a transceiver in order to increase the number of end users without reducing the bandwidth allocated to each user.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a synchronisation method suitable for increasing the receiving speed in the receiving part of an orthogonal optical frequency division multiplexing (OOFDM) transceiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of signal transmission using orthogonal optical frequency division multiplexing transceivers and to the use of the same set of wavelengths for the downlink and uplink signal transmission.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a haptic needle designed to be used as part of a medical training simulator.

Abstract: Skin tissue measurement/treatment apparatus (40) for controllably delivering electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of 10 GHz or more directly to a localised region of skin tissue via a monopole antenna (44) adapted to penetrate the skin surface. One embodiment includes an applicator (152) having a plurality of independently controllable monopole antennas (158) protruding therefrom for selective treatment/measurement of an area of skin. Treatment may be activated based on the complex impedance of tissue in the localised region calculated by determined the magnitude and phase of reflected power relative to a reference signal. The power level of the generated electromagnetic radiation may be adaptively controlled based on the detection of net power delivered to the skin tissue.