Abstract: In one embodiment, a defibrillation assembly energizable through magnet removal is provided. The defibrillation assembly includes an a magnetically triggered reed switch; an energy storage element that supplies power to the magnetically triggered reed switch; circuitry configured to generate a defibrillation waveform, wherein the circuitry is isolated from the energy storage element by the electromechanical component; a case within which at least a portion of the circuitry is located and comprising a printed circuit board (PCBA) enclosure within which a magnet is positioned that keeps the magnetically triggered reed switch in an open position, wherein an opening of the case that comprises removal of the magnet from the position causes the magnetically triggered reed switch to switch into a closed position and for the power to flow to the circuitry through the magnetically triggered reed switch.

Abstract: AED patient protection circuitry is improved by using triode for alternating current (TRIACs), which are significantly smaller and cheaper than relays. The TRIACs are positioned between a defibrillation waveform generator and the pads through which defibrillation waveforms are delivered to the patient and alternate under the control of a processing element such as a microcontroller between a conductive state in which they allow the defibrillation waveforms to reach the patient through the pads and an isolated state in which they prevent the defibrillation waveforms from reaching the patient through the pads. A voltage monitor interfaced to the microcontroller can monitor current leakage from the TRIACs or other portions of the defibrillator, thus detecting degradation of patient protection circuitry and further increasing defibrillator safety and reliability.

Abstract: A completely de-energizable defibrillator is provided, allowing the electrical components of the defibrillator to be electrically unbiased while the defibrillator is not in use. Additionally, the microcontroller unit of the AED includes features to prevent computational errors due to external influences, electromagnetic interference, radio frequency interference, ionizing radiation, high energy particles, cosmic radiation, and/or solar radiation, or a combination thereof, including one or more pairs of lockstep processors, error detection code, and features that prevent tampering with the microcontroller.

Abstract: A defibrillator is provided. The defibrillator includes: one or more power generation subcircuits configured to generate a variable voltage bias supply; a solid-state defibrillation waveform therapy generator circuit including a plurality of elements at least portion of which is configured to be driven by the variable voltage bias supply, the generator configured to: generate one or more defibrillation waveforms when the voltage is in a high energy state, activating at least some of the elements of the generator in the saturated region; and generate one or more internal discharge waveforms that are isolated from the patient when the voltage is in a low energy state, activating at least some of the elements of the generator in the transconductance region and dissipating energy as heat; and a microcontroller control unit configured to control whether the voltage supply is provided to the generator circuit at the high or low energy state.

Abstract: A pocket size defibrillator case is described. The defibrillator case includes four walls forming a rectangular shape. A substantially flat surface is positioned perpendicularly to an interior surface of each of the four walls, generating an electrode enclosure with the substantially flat surface forming a bottom of the electrode enclosure and generating a circuit enclosure with the substantially flat surface forming a top of the circuit enclosure. The electrode enclosure includes a cavity to house electrode pads and the circuit enclosure includes a cavity to house an energy storage circuit. A cover is positioned over the cavity of the electrode enclosure and moveable to allow access only to the electrode enclosure. A bottom surface is positioned over the cavity of the circuit enclosure opposite the substantially flat surface.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a defibrillation assembly energizable through case opening is provided. The defibrillation assembly includes an a magnetically triggered reed switch; a magnet positioned to keep the switch in an open position; an energy storage element that supplies power to the magnetically triggered reed switch; circuitry configured to generate a defibrillation waveform, wherein the circuitry is isolated from the energy storage element by the magnetically triggered reed switch; and a case within which at least a portion of the circuitry is located and a comprising a portion connected to the magnet by a mechanical interconnect, wherein an opening of the case displaces the connected case portion, which displaces the magnet far enough to transition the magnetically triggered reed switch into a closed position and causes the power to flow to the circuitry through the magnetically triggered reed switch.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a defibrillation assembly energizable through electrode enclosure manipulation is provided. The defibrillation assembly includes a magnetically triggered reed switch; an energy storage element that supplies power to the magnetically triggered reed switch; circuitry configured to generate a defibrillation waveform, wherein the circuitry is isolated from the energy storage element by the electromechanical component; and a case within which at least a portion of the housing is located and comprising an electrode enclosure within which a magnet is positioned that keeps the magnetically triggered reed switch in an open position, wherein an opening of the case that comprises removal of the magnet from the position causes the magnetically triggered reed switch to switch into a closed position and for the power to flow to the circuitry through the magnetically triggered reed switch.

Abstract: AED pulse generation circuits that provide floating, adjustable, bias voltages for driving a solid-state defibrillation waveform therapy generator circuit are provided. The provided bias voltages allow to reverse polarity of provided electric shock to increase chances of successful defibrillation and survival. In one of the provided configurations, energy stored in the pulse capacitor can be discharged by activating the waveform therapy generator in the high-resistance transconductance region. The circuits can be positioned on a self-contained module potted with an insulating material to reduce unintended interactions with other AED components. Through the use of the disclosed circuits, AED size can be reduced to promote pocketability while simultaneously increasing AED reliability.

Abstract: AED pulse generation circuits that provide floating, adjustable, bias voltages for driving a solid-state defibrillation waveform therapy generator circuit are provided. The provided bias voltages allow to reverse polarity of provided electric shock to increase chances of successful defibrillation and survival. In one of the provided configurations, energy stored in the pulse capacitor can be discharged by activating the waveform therapy generator in the high-resistance transconductance region. The circuits can be positioned on a self-contained module potted with an insulating material to reduce unintended interactions with other AED components. Through the use of the disclosed circuits, AED size can be reduced to promote pocketability while simultaneously increasing AED reliability.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a defibrillation assembly energizable through pad removal is provided. The defibrillation assembly includes a mechanical switch that is in an open position when the circuitry is not in use; an energy storage element that supplies power to the mechanical switch; circuitry configured to generate a defibrillation waveform, wherein the circuitry is isolated from the energy storage element by the mechanical switch; andelectrode pads through which the defibrillation waveform is delivered to a patient, wherein a removal of at least one of the electrode pads from an initial position to a further position causes the power to flow to the circuitry through the mechanical switch.

Abstract: A defibrillator with an insulating-material-filled module is provided. The defibrillator includes a module comprising a pulse generation circuit configured to generate therapeutic defibrillation waveforms, wherein the module is potted with an insulating material.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a defibrillation assembly energizable through case opening is provided. The defibrillation assembly includes a mechanical switch; an energy storage element that supplies power to the mechanical switch; circuitry configured to generate a defibrillation waveform, wherein the circuitry is isolated from the energy storage element by the mechanical switch; a case within which at least a portion of the circuitry is located, wherein an opening of the case causes the power to flow to the circuitry through the mechanical switch.

Abstract: AED pulse generation circuits that provide floating, adjustable, bias voltages for driving a solid-state defibrillation waveform therapy generator circuit are provided. The provided bias voltages allow to reverse polarity of provided electric shock to increase chances of successful defibrillation and survival. In one of the provided configurations, energy stored in the pulse capacitor can be discharged by activating the waveform therapy generator in the high-resistance transconductance region. The circuits can be positioned on a self-contained module potted with an insulating material to reduce unintended interactions with other AED components. Through the use of the disclosed circuits, AED size can be reduced to promote pocketability while simultaneously increasing AED reliability.

Abstract: AED pulse generation circuits that provide floating, adjustable, bias voltages for driving a solid-state defibrillation waveform therapy generator circuit are provided. The provided bias voltages allow to reverse polarity of provided electric shock to increase chances of successful defibrillation and survival. In one of the provided configurations, energy stored in the pulse capacitor can be discharged by activating the waveform therapy generator in the high-resistance transconductance region. The circuits can be positioned on a self-contained module potted with an insulating material to reduce unintended interactions with other AED components. Through the use of the disclosed circuits, AED size can be reduced to promote pocketability while simultaneously increasing AED reliability.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a defibrillation assembly energizable through case opening is provided. The defibrillation assembly includes an electromechanical component; an energy storage element that supplies power to the electromechanical component; circuitry configured to generate a defibrillation waveform, wherein the circuitry is isolated from the energy storage element by the electromechanical component; a housing within which the circuitry is located; and a case within which at least a portion of the housing is located, wherein an opening of the case causes the power to flow to the circuitry through the electro-mechanical component.

Abstract: A defibrillation assembly energizable through pad removal is provided. The defibrillation assembly includes an electromechanical component; an energy storage element that supplies power to the electromechanical component; circuitry configured to generate a defibrillation waveform, wherein the circuitry is isolated from the energy storage element by the electromechanical component; and electrode pads through which the defibrillation waveform is delivered to a patient, wherein a removal of at least one of the electrode pads from an initial position to a further position causes the power to flow to the circuitry through the electro-mechanical component.

Abstract: A pocket size defibrillator case is described. The defibrillator case includes a circuit enclosure having a bottom surface surrounded by four walls forming a cavity to house an energy storage circuit. An electrode enclosure includes a bottom surface surrounded by four walls forming a cavity to house electrode pads and is stacked on top of the circuit enclosure. A cover includes a substantially flat surface positioned over the electrode enclosure and moveable to allow access only to the electrode enclosure.

Abstract: An external defibrillator for use in generating a defibrillation waveform is described. The external defibrillator includes a low voltage energy storage module having one or more low voltage ultra-capacitors that store low voltage energy. A pulse transformer converts the low voltage energy to high voltage defibrillation energy and provides the defibrillation energy to a pair of electrodes configured to be applied to a patient. A modulator receives the low voltage energy from the low voltage energy storage module and transfers the low voltage energy to the pulse transformer. The external defibrillator also includes a battery.

Abstract: A completely de-energizable defibrillator is provided, allowing the electrical components of the defibrillator to be electrically unbiased while the defibrillator is not in use. The de-energizing of the defibrillator can be accomplished by separating the battery from the rest of the defibrillator circuitry with an electromechanical component, such as a power switch like a magnetically-triggered reed switch or a mechanically-triggered switch. The de-energizing of the defibrillator can also be accomplished by including in the defibrillator a removable piece of insulating material between the battery and the circuitry. The de-energizing of the defibrillator can also be accomplished by a change in configuration or position of the moveable components of the AED. The preparation of the defibrillator for use triggers the circuitry to become energized.