Abstract: Oligomeric azo dyes having an alternating construction made up of tetrazo components and coupling components, containing in the molecule at least 2 units of the structure I------[D--------K]------ (I)where D and K are as defined in the specification, are prepared and used alone or in mixtures for dyeing and printing natural or synthetic substrates.

Abstract: Pyrimidyl phenyl and pyrimidyl benzyl ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## and their salts and N-oxides, where the substituents and indices have the following meanings:Q is (CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3).dbd.CHCH.sub.3, C(CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3).dbd.CHOCH.sub.3, C(CONHCH.sub.3).dbd.CHOCH.sub.3, C(CONH.sub.2).dbd.NOCH.sub.3, C(CONHCH.sub.3).dbd.NOCH.sub.3 or N(OCH.sub.3)--CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ;n is 0 or 1;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an organic radical bonded via a carbon atom;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, cyano, halogen or an organic radical bonded via a carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -haloalkyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen, cyano, nitro, halogen or an organic radical bonded via a carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom;y is 0, 1, 2 or 3, it being possible for the radicals R.sup.5 to be different if y is 2 or 3;R.sup.5 is cyano, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Bridged, methylolated bis-4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidin-2-ones conforming to the formula 1 ##STR1## where X=(CH.sub.2).sub.n where n=2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 or 10, branched or cyclic alkyl, each with or without hetero atoms such as O,S, N, P in the alkyl chain,CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.m,CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.m,CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.m OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2),CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.m OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2,CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.m,CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3)H(--OCH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3)H).sub.m orCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (--OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.m OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2,where m=0-7,andR.sup.1,R.sup.2 =H and/or CH.sub.2 OH, are prepared in one or two stages, the one-stage process also providing those where X=(CH.sub.2).sub.6, and are useful in textile finishing.

Abstract: The production of open-celled porous inorganic sintered products comprises the stepsa) introducing a flowable mixture comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion, sinterable inorganic powder and dispersant into a precipitation bath in which the polymer precipitates or coagulates to form a non-flowable product comprising polymer, inorganic powder and dispersant,b) removing the product from the precipitation bath and drying the product,c) heating the product to remove polymer and dispersant and sintering the product.The porous open-celled sintered products comprising sintered inorganic powder have a pore volume of from 50 to 95%, a surface area of from 0.1 to 50 m.sup.2 /g and an at least bimodal pore size distribution having maxima in the ranges from 0.02 to 5 .mu.m and from 20 to 500 .mu.m.

Abstract: Halides are removed from halide-containing nitrile mixtures by(a) thermally treating the halide-containing nitrile mixture,(b) subsequently adding a base to the thermally treated nitrile mixture and(c) subsequently separating off the base from the nitrile mixture.Amines are prepared by(A) reacting alkyl halides with metal cyanides in an at least two-phase reaction medium in the presence of halide-containing phase-transfer catalysts to give alkanenitriles,(B) separating off the resulting halide-containing alkanenitrile mixture phase and(C) further treating the halide-containing alkanenitrile mixture phase, as described in the stages(a)-(c) removing halides from halide-containing nitrile mixtures and(d) hydrogenating nitrites obtained in stage (c) to give amines, in the presence of suspended or fixed-bed catalysts.

Abstract: NO.sub.x, where x is 1 and 2, in exhaust gases is reduced over heterogeneous catalysts with hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, hydrogen or mixtures thereof in the presence of oxygen from 100 to 650.degree. C. and an absolute pressure of from 0.5 to 50 bar by a process in which the heterogeneous catalysts used are bimodal or polymodal compounds of the general formula IA.sub.1-x M.sub.2 O.sub.4 (I),which, if required, are doped with rare earth metals, noble metal, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten or mixtures thereof, and whereA is magnesium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, tin or mixtures thereof,M is aluminum, gallium, indium, tin, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc or mixtures thereof andx is from 0 to 0.

Abstract: A catalyst system suitable for the polymerization of C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alk-1-enes comprising, as active ingredients, a complex compound of metals in Sub-groups IV and V of the Periodic Table and an oligomeric alumoxan compound is obtained by a procedure in which metals in Sub-groups IV and V of the Periodic Table are mixed with the oligomeric alumoxan compound and the resulting mixture is then applied to finely divided polymer. The catalyst system of the invention can be isolated after manufacture and is particularly suitable for the gas-phase polymerization of C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alk-1-enes.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x, the reduction taking place in the presence of a catalyst which comprises(a) from 20 to 97 wt % of A.sub.2 O.sub.3,(b) from 1 to 40 wt % of CuO,(c) from 1 to 50 wt % of ZnO,(d) from 1 to 40 wt % of Ag,(e) from 0 to 2 wt % of Pt,(f) from 0 to 20 wt % of oxides of rare earth metals, elements of the 3rd subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements or mixtures thereof,based on the total weight of the components (a) to (e), which adds up to 100 wt %, wherein, in each case, up to half the weight of the component (a) may be replaced by Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 or mixtures thereof, of the component (b) by CoO, of the component (c) by MgO, of the component (d) by Au and of the component (e) by Pd, Ru, Os, Ir, Rh, Re or mixtures thereof, is used for reducing NO.sub.x, especially in combustion off-gases, the components (a), (b) and (c) forming a spinel which is doped with the components (d), (e) and (f).

Abstract: Heterocyclic substituted benzoyl derivatives of the formula ##STR1## where Z is a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic, saturated or unsaturated radical containing one to three hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, useful as intermediates for herbicidal compounds.

Abstract: The use of water-soluble quinacridones of the formula I ##STR1## where M.sup..sym. is a lithium, sodium, potassium or ammonium cation,R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, sulfamoyl, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkylsulfamoyl, carbamoyl, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkylcarbamoyl, unsubstituted or substituted mono- or diphenylsulfamoyl, unsubstituted or substituted mono- or diphenylcarbamoyl, halogen, nitro or cyano,n is 0, 1 or 2 andm is 0, 1 or 2 and the sum n+m is at least 1,for dyeing and printing natural and synthetic fiber material.

Abstract: A process for producing cyclopentane and cyclopentene by fractional distillation of partly hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline, in which(a) partly hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline is fractionally distilled in a first distillation column,(b) a C.sub.5 hydrocarbon mixture containing at least 40% of cyclopentane and cyclopentene is taken off from the distillation column as a sidestream at a suitable tray, and(c) the C.sub.5 hydrocarbon mixture is further fractionally distilled into cyclopentane and cyclopentene in a second distillation column.

Abstract: A very pure aqueous solution of free hydroxylamine is prepared by a process in which the dilute, aqueous hydroxylamine solution is concentrated in a column by removing hydroxylamine-containing vapors via a side take-off in the bottom of the column, and very pure hydroxylamine is obtained by condensing the vapors. The novel process can be carried out simply, in a gentle manner and on a large scale and gives electronic grade hydroxylamine.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-alkynoic esters of the general formula (I),R.sup.1 --O--CO--C.tbd.C--R.sup.2 (I)in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are C.sub.1-16 -alkyl, C.sub.6-12 -aryl, C.sub.7-12 -aralkyl or C.sub.7-12 -alkylaryl radicals, and R.sup.2 can also be hydrogen,by reacting a chloroformate of the general formula (II),R.sup.1 --O--CO--Cl (II)with an alkyne of the general formula (III),R.sup.2 --C.tbd.C--H (III)is carried out in the presence of a Pt and/or Pd complex which has phosphine ligands and/or phosphite ligands as catalyst.

Abstract: Solid foamed active ingredient preparations based on melt-processable polymers, obtainable by extrusion of a melt of one or more polymers which comprises active ingredient and which is impregnated with a volatile, physiologically acceptable blowing agent and expanded.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the selective liquid-phase hydrogenation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds of the formula I, ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an organic radical, and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently of one another, are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -- to C.sub.4 --alkyl group, to saturated carbonyl compounds of the formula II ##STR2## using hydrogen in the presence of a pulverulent palladium and/or rhodium catalyst and in the presence of an organic base. The process is carried out in a packed bubble column reactor (1, 2) with product recycling (11, 17) and circulating hydrogen gas (4, 15, 16). It is particularly suitable for the selective hydrogenation of citral to citronellal.

Abstract: Substituted 3-phenylisoxazolines I, and their salts and enol ethers, are described as herbicides ##STR1## where X.dbd.--O--, --S--, --N(R.sup.9)--;R.sup.1 .dbd.CN, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylsulfonyl;R.sup.2 .dbd.H or unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl)carbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl)carbonyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkynyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkynyl)carbonyl;R.sup.3 .dbd.H, halogen;R.sup.4 .dbd.CN, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -haloalkyl;R.sup.5 .dbd.H, CN, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -haloalkyl;R.sup.6 .dbd.H, CN, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -haloalkyl or unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy;R.sup.7 .dbd.CN, halogen;R.sup.8 in position .alpha., R.sup.7 in this case being in position .beta., or in position .beta., R.sup.7 in this case being in position .alpha., is1) H, OH, SH, CN, NO.sub.2, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the measurement of parameters in reactors having moving stirrers which contain probes in the reactor interior, wherein at least two probes connected via a multiplexer to a sensor signal amplifier by connecting cables located in the moving stirrers are installed on the surface of the moving stirrers, and the measurement data obtained by the probes are passed via the connecting cables to a sensor signal amplifier and from thence are passed on to an electronic evaluation unit by non-contact, inductive signal transmission by means of a contactless sensor tap.

Abstract: Catalyst systems which are suitable for polymerizing ethylene and 1-alkenes comprise as active constituentsA) a chromium-containing component obtainable by reducing an oxidized Phillips catalyst with organic compounds selected from the group of linear C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 - or cyclic C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -alkenes with at least one internal C.dbd.C double bond, of 1,3-butadiene, of C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkynes and of C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -aldehydes,with or withoutB) an organometallic compound of the first, second, third or fourth main group or of the second subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: The use of at least trihydric alcohols and their reaction products with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide as additive to particulate detergent formulations, especially compact detergents, to increase their rate of dissolving in water in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the detergent formulations.

Abstract: A monomer composition is described, containing A) vinyl-containing monomers in which the vinyl bears a hetero-atom selected from the group consisting of the halogens, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or silicon, andB) at least one N-oxyl compound of a secondary amine which does not bear hydrogen on the .alpha.-carbons, in an amount effective as stabilizer against premature polymerization.