Abstract: Polymer blends containa) from 10 to 90% by weight of an imide of a copolymer based on an .alpha.-olefin and on an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a polyamine andb) from 10 to 90% by weight of a copolymer which differs from a) and contains at least two monomers selected from the group consisting of ethylene, acrylates, vinyl esters, vinyl ethers and ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid derivatives,and are used as additives for mineral oil middle distillates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recycling diaphragms, in particular a process for recycling used asbestos-free diaphragms from alkali metal chloride electrolysis, the diaphragm material being comminuted, the diaphragm material being washed with a wash substrate and a reusable material being obtained.

Abstract: Aqueous polymer emulsions contain dispersants based on natural lecithins.

Abstract: Emulsion graft copolymers are composed ofA) from 5 to 18% by weight of a first stage comprisinga.sub.1) from 85 to 99% by weight of methyl methacrylate,a.sub.2) from 1 to 15% by weight of C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl acrylate,a.sub.3) from 0 to 2% by weight of allyl methacrylate anda.sub.4) from 0 to 3% by weight of further di- or polyfunctional comonomers,B) from 25 to 35% by weight of a second stage comprisingb.sub.1) from 10 to 25% by weight of vinylaromatic monomers,b.sub.2) from 75 to 90% by weight of C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl acrylate andb.sub.3) from 0 to 3% by weight of allyl methacrylate,C) from 30 to 40% by weight of a third stage comprisingc.sub.1) from 15 to 27% by weight of vinylaromatic monomers,c.sub.2) from 73 to 85% by weight of C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl acrylate andc.sub.3) from 0 to 3% by weight of allyl methacrylate andD) from 15 to 30% by weight of a fourth stage comprisingd.sub.1) from 85 to 96% by weight of methyl methacrylate,d.sub.2) from 3.8 to 10% by weight of C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of enol ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4,R.sup.5 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 phenylalkyl,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4 denote hydrogen, aryl, cyano, --COOR.sup.5, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl monosubstituted to trisubstituted or interrupted by --COOR.sup.5, --C.dbd.O, cyano, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl monosubstituted to trisubstituted by --COOR.sup.5, --C.dbd.O, cyano, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 phenylalkyl andR.sup.2 and R.sup.4 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 alkylene chain or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkylidene chain, from acetals or ketals.

Abstract: In a process for esterifying (meth)acrylic acid with an alkanol in the presence of an esterification catalyst, in which unconverted starting compounds and the (meth)acrylate to be formed are separated off by distillation and an oxyester-containing bottom product is formed, the bottom product is first separated off, the oxyesters contained therein are then separated off by distillation and the resulting distillate is cleaved in the presence of acids at elevated temperatures. The process can be carried out in the presence of molecular oxygen. The distillate is cleaved at from 170.degree. to 250.degree. C., preferably from 180.degree. to 230.degree. C.

Abstract: Modified copolymers which are suitable as paraffin dispersants and are obtainable by reacting a copolymer of an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and/or a dicarboxylic acid derivative and a diketene of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl,with an amine of the general formula II ##STR2## where m may be from 0 to 100, n from 0 to 5 and x from 0 to 5,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, independently of one another, are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl andA is NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 or C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkoxy,and at least one of the substituents R.sup.6 or R.sup.7 is not hydrogen and is C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl or alkenyl or a polyether radical ##STR3## where R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl and p is from 1 to 100,with the proviso that, when n is 0, A is NR.sup.6 R.sup.7,their preparation and use, and mineral oil middle distillates which contain these modified copolymers.

Abstract: Particulate, filterable polystyrene formulations are obtained by anionic polymerization of styrene in nonaqueous dispersion if the polymerization is carried out in an aliphatic hydrocarbon as the dispersing medium and with a styrene/diene/styrene three-block copolymer, for example based on polybutadiene or polyisoprene, as the dispersant.

Abstract: Benzopyran dyes of the formula ##STR1## where n is 1 or 2,Xhu 1 is oxygen or imino,X.sup.2 is cyano or carbamoyl,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently of each other C.sub.1 -C.sub.13 -alkyl subject to the proviso that the sum total of the carbon atoms present in R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 shall be at least 10, andR.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, halogen, cyano, nitro, carbamoyl, mono- or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)carbamoyl, sulfamoyl or mono- or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)sulfamoyl,are obtainable from novel iminocoumarin intermediates and useful for dyeing or printing synthetic materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of coating substrates, especially those with a hydrophobic surface, in which the substrate to be coated is coated with a coating composition whose binder is a formulation comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion in which the polymer has carbonyl or oxirane groups (component a)), and at least one compound having at least two NH.sub.2 groups per molecule, is applied to the substrate to be coated ?sic!. It also relates to coating compositions including such binder formulations, and furthermore to a method of sealing using a sealing composition including such formulations as its binder.

Abstract: Amines are prepared by reacting a mixture obtained in the cracking of mineral oil fractions with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkynyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 --C.sub.20 -alkylaryl or C.sub.7 --C.sub.20 -aralkyl or together are a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkylene ene chain,at from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C.

Abstract: Aromatic aldehydes are prepared by catalytically reacting aromatic carboxylic acids or their esters with hydrogen in the gas phase at from 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. and from 0.1 to 20 bar in the presence of a zirconium dioxide/lanthanide catalyst having a high BET surface area of from 20 to 150 m.sup.2 /g, preferably from 40 to 150 m.sup.2 /g. The proportions by weight of the catalytically active mass range from 80 to 99.9% by weight of zirconium dioxide and from 0.01 to 20 %by weight of one or more lanthanide elements. This catalyst provides very high conversion rates of 94 to 100% together with a correspondingly high selectivity for the aldehyde product.

Abstract: Goniochromatic luster pigments based on multiply coated platelet-shaped metallic substrates comprising at least one layer packet ofA) a layer consisting essentially of silicon oxide, silicon oxide hydrate, aluminum oxide and/or aluminum oxide hydrate, andB) a nonselectively absorbing, silicon-containing layer which is at least partially transparent to visible light,and also, if desired, additionallyC) an outer layer which consists essentially of colorless or selectively absorbing metal oxide,are useful for coloring paints, inks, including printing inks, plastics, glasses, ceramic products and decorative cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid from esters of the formula I ##STR1## and in case from esters of the formula (II) ##STR2## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or --CH.sub.3,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, andn is an integer >0,in the liquid phase and in the presence of an acid at reduced pressure and with continuous removal of the cleavage products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of optically active 2--halopropionic acids, in which the corresponding optically active alkyl 2--halopropionates are caused to react with a carboxylic acid at elevated temperature in a transacylation reaction with the formation of the optically active 2--halopropionic acid and the alkyl carboxylate, and the optically active 2--halopropionic acid obtained is separated from the reaction mixture. The optically active products produced are important intermediates for the preparation of plant protectants and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer dispersion is prepared by free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, which comprises at least 30% by weight of monomers having two conjugated ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, by a process in which the polymerization temperature is varied in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: A process for preparing quaternized glycine nitriles of formula I ##STR1## comprising reaction of the corresponding precursor amine, aldehyde, hydrocyanic acid or alkali metal cyanide, and subsequent quaternization with an alkylating agent, wherein the reaction and quaternization are carried out successively in aqueous medium without isolation of an intermediate.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of crystalline N-methylol(meth)acrylamide from (meth)acryamide and paraformaldehyde, the reaction of the solid reactants to give a product melt and the subsequent crystallization thereof in a reactor while subjecting the reaction mixture to mechanical shear load is preferably carried out in a self-purging screw reactor or a disk reactor. The reaction of the reactants and the crystallization of the product melt are preferably carried out without added solvent. A catalyst, in particular an alkali metal carbonate or a trialkylamine, can be used for the reaction of the reactants.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding materials ofA) from 30 to 98% by weight of a graft polymer ofa.sub.c) from 30 to 90% by weight of an elastomeric graft core anda.sub.s) from 10 to 70% by weight of a graft shell,B) from 1 to 50% by weight of a thermoplastic polymer,C) from 1 to 70% by weight of an elastomeric block copolymer, andD) from 0 to 30% by weight of a polymer having a star-like structure.

Abstract: Water is separated from crude oil by a process in which the oil demulsifier used is a mixture ofA) compounds which have demulsifying activity and are of the structure type of the(a) polyethyleneimine alkoxylate,(b) mono- or oligoamine alkoxylate,(c) alkoxylated alkylphenol/formaldehyde resins,(d) alkoxylated amine-modified alkylphenol/formaldehyde resins,(e) co- or terpolymers of alkoxylated acrylates or methacrylates with vinyl compounds,(f) condensates of mono- or oligoamine alkoxylates, dicarboxylic acids and alkylene oxide block copolymers, where these condensates may furthermore be completely or partially quaternized at the nitrogen atoms, or(g) compounds (a) to (f) reacted with crosslinking agents andB) as a demulsifying assistant, a polyalkylene glycol ether which has no demulsifying activity and is of the general formula I or IIR.sup.1 ?(OA.sup.1).sub.a --OH!.sub.n (I)H--(OA.sup.1).sub.b --(OA.sup.2).sub.c --(OA.sup.3).sub.d --OH(II)whereR.sup.1 is a monovalent to decavalent C.sub.1 -C.sub.