Abstract: 1,3-Dimethylimidazolium 4-carboxylate is prepared by reacting 1-methylimidazole with dimethyl carbonate optionally in the presence of a solvent in accordance with the following reaction scheme:

Abstract: Water-absorbing foamlike crosslinked polymers which are obtainable by (I) foaming a polymerizable aqueous mixture which consists of (a) monoethylenically unsaturated monomers containing acid groups, which are at least 50 mol % neutralized, (b) with or without other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, (c) crosslinker, (d) initiators, (e) from 0.1 to 20% by weight of at least one surfactant, (f) with or without one or more solubilizers and (g) with or without thickeners, foam stabilizers, polymerization regulators, fillers and/or cell nucleating agents, the foaming being performed by dispersing fine bubbles of a gas inert to free radicals, and (II) polymerizing the foamed mixture with formation of a foamed hydrogel, with or without adjusting the water content of the foamed polymer to from 1 to 60% by weight, processes for their preparation and their use in sanitary articles which are used for absorbing body fluids and in dressing materials for covering wounds are described.

Abstract: Agglomerated particles of water-swellable addition polymers, the agglomerated particles having an average particle diameter of from 20 to 5000 &mgr;m and consisting of primary particles having an average particle diameter of from 0.

Abstract: Phosphonic acid compounds I wherein Eth is optionally substituted 1,2-ethynediyl, ethanediyl or ethene-1,2-diyl; Y1 is oxygen or sulfur; Y2 is oxygen, sulfur or —N(R6)—; Y3 is oxygen, sulfur or —N(R7)—; R1, R2, R6 and R7 are hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or heterocyclyl, or R1 and R2, R1 and R6, R2 and R7 together are optionally substituted 1,2-ethanediyl, 1,3-propylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene or ethyleneoxyethylene, or R1 and R2 together are optionally substituted 1,2-phenylene; R3 is cyano, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy; R4 is hydrogen or halogen, and R5 is a heterocycle &PHgr;1 to &PHgr;22 as defined in the specification, their manufacture and intermediates therefore. The phosphonic acid compounds are effective against unwanted plants and act as desiccants and defoliants.

Abstract: Textile detergent formulation, containing (A) from 0.1 to 10 wt % of quaternized glycine nitriles, (B) from 0.5 to 40 wt % of bleaches in the form of peroxo compounds and/or peracids, (C) from 0.5 to 50 wt % of non-ionic and/or anionic surfactants and (D) from 5 to 85 wt % of compounds that are capable of sequestering calcium and/or magnesium ions. This formulation is suitable for domestic and commercial laundering of textiles in a dosage of more than 2 g per liter of washing liquor, particularly when using a goods-to-liquor ratio of from 1:10 to 1:2.

Abstract: C2-C8-Alk-1-enes are polymerized by means of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst system in a reactor cascade comprising at least two reactors, a homo- or copolymer of C2-C8-alk-1-enes being prepared in a reactor RA, upstream of which one or more further reactors may be connected, the reaction mixture being discharged from RA and transferred to a subsequent reactor RB and the polymerization in RB and in the reactors which may be connected to RB being carried out in the presence of a liquid or dissolved regulator for regulating the catalyst activity, by a process in which the regulator is added to the reaction mixture after discharge from RA and before entry into RB, and an apparatus for polymerizing C2-C8-alk-1-enes by means of the novel process is described.

Abstract: Initiators for free-radical addition polymerization comprising as structural feature the Diels-Alder adduct of an azo group (—N═N—) with a conjugated double bond (diene).

Abstract: Complexes in powder form of iodine and a crosslinked polymer based on N-vinyl compounds are obtainable by dry heating of iodine and a polymer which is obtained by polymerization of monovinyl compounds (monomers A) whose vinyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heterocycle, in the presence of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the monomers (A), of a compound (B) of the formula I; where A is —CH— or a nitrogen atom, and n is 2 or 3. The complexes are suitable for producing antidiarrheals.

Abstract: A mixture comprising (a) from 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one polycarboxylate having at least 3 carboxyls, (b) from 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one amine having a pKa value of more than 9, and (c) from 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one acid selected from the group consisting of mineral acids and organic acids having one or two carboxyls and not more than 10 carbons, with the proviso that the mixture contains less than 24% by weight of triphosphates, is used in detergent and rinse aid formulations.

Abstract: A composition comprising effective amounts of a) a compound of the formula I  or an N-oxide or salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, hydroxyl, nitro, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio or haloalkylthio; R5, R6 and R7 are hydrogen, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, aryl or aryloxy, wherein the aryl groups are optionally substituted, and e) a compound of the formula V  wherein R10 is fluorine or chlorine; R11 is trifluoromethyl or chlorine, or R10 and R11 together are a group —OCF2O—, exhibits a synergisitc fungicidal effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to graft polyols employing a t-amyl peroxy compound as free radical initiator. The novel graft polyols are made by polymerizing at least one monomer in a polyol composition in the presence of a free radical initiator and preferably a chain transfer agent. The resulting graft polyols are in turn useful in reactions with polyisocyanates to make polyurethane products.

Abstract: Flame-retardant thermoplastic molding materials contain A) from 5 to 97.7% by weight of a polyphenylene ether, B) from 1 to 93.7% by weight of vinylaromatic polymers, C) from 0 to 50% by weight of impact modifiers, D) from 0.3 to 20% by weight of sheet silicates which contain one or more nitrogen-containing compounds in amounts of from 0.1 to 50% by weight, based on the sheet silicates, E) from 1 to 20% by weight of a flameproofing agent and F) from 0 to 60% by weight of further additives.

Abstract: In a process for stabilizing a foamed starting slip material, the starting slip material which is foamed comprises the following constituents: a. inorganic sinterable material, b. a source of blowing gas, c. a framework former which forms a framework when the pH of the starting slip material is changed, d. pH control material, e. liquid, f. if desired, one or more of the following materials: dispersant binder viscosity modifier, and the pH of the starting slip material is changed to initiate or accelerate the formation of the framework from the framework former.

Abstract: Heterocyclically substituted benzamides of the formula I are described, where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X, m and n have the meanings given in the description. The novel compounds are useful for controlling diseases.

Abstract: The use of water-soluble copolymers which comprise (a) 5-20 mol % of N-vinylimidazole or 4-vinylpyridine N-oxide units, (b) 95-50 mol % of N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyloxazolidone, methyl-N-vinylimidazole units or mixtures thereof and (c) 0-30 mol % of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomer units, and have an average molecular weight Mw of more than 50,000 as color transfer inhibitors in detergents.

Abstract: A fungicidal mixture containing a) a carbamate of the formula I,  where X is CH or N, n is 0, 1 or 2 and R is halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-haloalkyl, it being possible for the radicals R to be different if n is 2, and b) a carboxamide II selected from the group consisting of the compounds IIa and IIb in a synergistically active amount is described.

Abstract: A composition comprising effective amounts of a) a carbamate of the formula I where X is CH or N, n is 0, 1 or 2 and R is halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-haloalkyl, it being possible for the radicals R to be different if n is 2, and b) a dithiocarbamate (II) selected from the group consisting of manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (zinc complex) (IIa), manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIb), zinc ammoniate ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIc) and zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IId) and optionally c) 1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetyl)-3-ethylurea (III) H3CCH2—NHCONH—CO—C(CN)═NOCH3  (III) which exhibits a synergistically enhanced fungicidal effect is described.

Abstract: A process for distillative removal of 6-aminocapronitrile from mixtures (I) comprising 6-aminocapronitrile and an imine (II) comprises performing the distillation in a distillation column using an average mean residence time for the distillation mixture of at least 5 minutes on at least one level of the distillation column.

Abstract: Compositions for controlling harmful fungi which comprise, as active ingredients, at least one compound which inhibits respiration on the cytochrome complex III and at least one amide compound of the formula II A—CO—NR1 R2 where A, R1 and R2 have the meanings given in the description. The compositions according to the invention can be used, in particular, for controlling botrytis.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyclopentadiene homopolymers having a molecular weight in the range from 10,000 to 1,000,000 and less than 35% of 1,2 linkages uses palladium catalysts of the formula [Pd(R1—CN)4]2+(A)2—, where R1 is an alkyl group and A is a stable anion.