Abstract: A multilayer element comprising a substrate, an intermediate layer and a photopolymerizable or photocrosslinkable layer in the stated order is used for producing printing or relief plates. The intermediate layer contains a copolymer of a monomer (A) of the formula (I) or (II) and a copolymerizable monomer (B) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is vinyl, propen-2-yl, 1-buten-2-yl or styryl or a radical R.sup.2 --O--CO--CH.dbd.CH--, R.sup.2 is an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is H, methyl or ethyl and n is from zero to 5. The intermediate layer in the multilayer element has improved adhesion in the laminate. It is initially nontacky and does not become tacky until after the application of the photopolymerizable layer, as a result of the interaction with said layer. The improved adhesion in the laminate is retained even after storage and repeated use of the finished printing plates.

Abstract: The patent describes ketobenzamides of the formula ##STR1## where R1, R2, R3, R4, X and n have the meanings given in the description, and their preparation. The novel compounds are useful for controlling disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing water-soluble copolymers of at least one water-soluble N-vinyllactam of the formula I ##STR1## where n=1 or 2, and at least one hydrophobic comonomer having a water-solubility of 1 to 85 g/l, by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing the polymer and bentonite requirement in papermaking wherein medium and high molecular weight polymers are reacted with bentonite. Further, mechanical shearing of the furnish after polymer addition is not required.

Abstract: The present invention relates to energy absorbing elastomers having a resilience of no more than 20.0% according to ASTM D2632-92. The energy absorbing elastomers are hydrophobic in nature and have extended gel times thus making them suitable for high volume applications such as coating a large substrate or filling a large void between two substrates.

Abstract: A process for the production of at least one C.sub.4 compound selected from butane-1,4-diol, .gamma.-butyrolactone and tetrahydrofuran comprises contacting a vaporous stream containing maleic anhydride vapour, water vapour, and carbon oxides in an absorption zone with a high boiling organic solvent thereby to form a solution of maleic anhydride in the high boiling organic solvent. Maleic anhydride in this solution is reacted under esterification conditions in an esterification zone with a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanol to form a solution of the corresponding di-(C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl) maleate in the high boiling solvent. This solution of the di-(C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl) maleate in the high boiling solvent is contacted with a gaseous stream containing hydrogen thereby to strip di-(C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl) maleate therefrom and to form a vaporous stream comprising hydrogen and di-(C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl) maleate.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a cured multi-layer coating with good intercoat adhesion, comprising the steps of:a) applying to a substrate a first powder coating composition comprisingi) a polyester resin having a carboxyl functionality of less than two,ii) a crosslinker reactive toward the carboxyl groups of the polyester resin selected from the group consisting of epoxy-functional compounds,wherein the ratio of epoxy groups of the crosslinker to the carboxyl groups of the polyester is between 1.05:1 and 1.9:1,b) applying to the first coating layer at least one additional coating composition comprising a clearcoat includingi) a hydroxyl functional acrylic resin andii) a crosslinker reactive toward the hydroxyl groups on the acrylic resin,c) curing the coating compositions together or sequentially.

Abstract: A N,N'-dimethylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide pigment suitable for aqueous basecoats is obtainable by coating the diimide, suspended in an aqueous medium, with a carboxyl-carrying resin in the presence of 3,4-dicarboximidoperylene-9-sulfonic acid or salts thereof and with a C.sub.8 -C.sub.8 -alkyl- or-alkenylamine, isolating and drying the coated dimide and then subjecting it to dry milling.

Abstract: Supported catalyst systems are obtainable bya) application of a mixture ofA) at least one metallocene complex andB) at elast one metal compoundto a carrier which, if required, may have been pretreated, andb) subsequent activation by reaction with a solution or suspension of a compound forming metallocenium ions.

Abstract: Chiral compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where: R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4 are hydrogen or aromatic, aliphatic or araliphatic radicals having 1 to 40 carbon atoms,R.sup.5,R.sup.6,R.sup.7,R.sup.8 are aromatic or aliphatic radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 contains a polymerizable group,are used as dopes in liquid crystals, in compositions for coating substrates and in the preparation of interference pigments which can be used in printing inks and surface coatings.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a substantially liquid effluent containing aldehydes and unconverted olefins coming from a hydroformylation reactor following low-pressure hydroformylation of C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 olefins or olefin mixtures containing different isomers of the respective olefins, said hydroformylation being catalyzed by means of a phosphorous rhodium catalyst homogeneously dissolved in the reaction medium and carried out at a temperature of from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. and a pressure of from 2 to 30 bar.

Abstract: The invention relates to radiation-curable coating materials which compriseA a synthetic resin containing from 1.5 to 5 mol/kg, preferably from 3.6 to 4.5 mol/kg, of ethylenically unsaturated double bonds of which not more than 10% are vinyl groups, or a mixture of such synthetic resins, andB a compound of the general formula Ar--O--R.sub.1 --O--CO--CR.sub.2 .dbd.CH.sub.2, where Ar is an optionally substituted aryl radical, R.sub.1 is an alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a mixture of such compounds,from 10 to 70% by weight of the total quantity of A and B comprising component A and from 30 to 90% by weight of the total quantity of A and B comprising component B.

Abstract: Copolymer comprising ethylene units and vinyl formate units, the content of free vinyl formate in the polymer preferably being not more than 5000 ppm, based on the weight of the copolymer, a process for its preparation, and its use as flow improver, especially in petroleum distillates, preferably fuel and propellant compositions, especially petroleum middle distillates, and also a fuel and propellant composition comprising a principal quantity of a fuel and propellant and that quantity of a copolymer as above which is effective in improving the flow properties.

Abstract: A method for forming shaped products by mixing a formaldehyde-free aqueous binder comprising A) a free-radically polymerized polymer containing from 5 to 100% by weight of units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated acid anhydride or from an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid whose carboxyl group can form an anhydride group, and B) an alkanolamine having at least two hydroxyl groups, with fibers or chips to form a shaped article, wherein said binder has a property of drying at 50.degree. C. in 72 hours to a film from 0.3 to 1 mm in thickness and, following a subsequent 15 minute cure at 130.degree. C. in air, has a gel content of above 50% by weight, wherein the binder includes less than 0.1% by weight, based on A)+B), of a phosphorus-containing reaction accelerant with fibers or chips.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a W/O emulsion comprising cross-linked, water-swellable polymers consisting ofa) 35-100% by weight of ionic monomers,b) 0-65% by weight of non-ionic monomers,c) 0.3-1 mol-%, based on a) and b), of one or more at least bifunctional monomer.The oil phase of the W/O emulsion consists of polyglycerol fatty acid esters and comprises at least one fatty acid ester of diglycerol or triglycerol with caprylic or capric acid. The W/O emulsions are usefull as thickeners for cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating composition comprising at least one hydroxyl-containing polyacrylate resin as binder component (A) and at least one crosslinking agent (B),component (A) being obtainable by free-radical polymerization of:(a) from 5 to 80% by weight of at least one cycloaliphatic ester of (meth)acrylic acid,(b) from 10 to 50% by weight of at least one hydroxyl-containing alkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid,(c) from 1 to 25% by weight of at least one monomer having at least two polymerizable, olefinically unsaturated double bonds,(d) from 0 to 25% by weight of at least one further hydroxyl-containing monomer,(e) from 5 to 80% by weight of at least one aliphatic ester of (meth)acrylic acid,(f) from 0 to 40% by weight of at least one vinyl-aromatic compound, and(g) from 0 to 40% by weight of at least one further monomer,the sum of the proportions by weight of all monomers (a) to (g) always being 100% by weight.

Abstract: Phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents and the index have the following meanings: X is oxygen or sulfur;R is hydrogen or alkyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl;R.sup.2 is cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy;m is 0, 1 or 2, it being possible for the R.sup.2 radicals to be different if m is 2;and their salts, processes and intermediates for their preparation, and their use are described.

Abstract: A fuel or lubricant composition containing polyisobutene amines and which contains at least one secondary polyisobutene amine of the formula I, ##STR1## in which R denotes a polyisobutene radical containing from 6 to 45 isobutylene units, up to 20% of the isobutylene units being replaceable by n-butylene units, provided that the amount of the secondary polyisobutene amine is larger than the amount of any corresponding primary or tertiary polyisobutene amine which may also be present.

Abstract: 2-Phenylpyridines I ##STR1## wherein X is a chemical bond, 1,2-ethynediyl or optionally substituted --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-3 --, --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-2 --, --s--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-2 --, --CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --S--CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.dbd.CH--;Y is oxygen or sulfur;Z.sup.1 is oxygen, sulfur or --N(R.sup.7)--;Z.sup.2 is oxygen, sulfur or --N(R.sup.8)--;R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently of one another are hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or heterocyclyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.7, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.8 together are optionally substituted --(CH.sub.2).sub.2-5 -- or --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are optionally substituted 1,2-phenylene;R.sup.3 is cyano, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy;R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen or halogen;R.sup.

Abstract: Polyurethanes having improved curing are prepared by reactinga) organic and/or modified organic diisocyanates and/or polyisocyanates withb) polyether polyols based on aromatic amines, able to be prepared by reacting specific amine combinations and, if desired, further coinitiators in a stage wise molecular addition of alkylene oxide, and also, if desired, further relatively high molecular weight compounds containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms and, if desired,c) low molecular weight chain extenders and/or crosslinkers in the presence ofd) blowing agents,e) catalysts and, if desired,f) further auxiliaries and/or additives,wherein the specific amine combination used is a mixture of amines of the diphenylmethane series consisting of from 5 to 20% by weight of 4-ring amine, from 15 to 30% by weight of 3-ring amine, from 20 to 35% by weight of amines having more than 4 rings and from 25 to 50% by weight of 2-ring amine, wherein the proportions add up to 100% by weight, in combination with further aromatic