Abstract: A process for preparing neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate by base-catalyzed disproportionation of hydroxypivalaldehyde, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a readily water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt and of an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of making hygroscopic pesticidal salt formulations in the form of dispersible granules.

Abstract: A process for preparing ureas of the formula ##STR1## where the ring A can be substituted and benzo-fused andn is 0 or 2,R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl,L is unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene, or NR.sup.5 and L are together the radical of the formula ##STR2## and Z is hydroxyl or a radical which can be eliminated under alkaline reaction conditions,by reacting a phenylurea of the formula ##STR3## where R.sup.4 and the ring A each have the abovementioned meanings, with an amine of the formula ##STR4## where n, R.sup.5, L and Z each have the abovementioned meanings, at from 80.degree. to 180.degree. C. in the presence or absence of an inert diluent is described.

Abstract: A process for preparing R/S-.gamma.-lipoic acid of the formula I or R/S-.alpha.-lipoic acid of the formula II ##STR1## is disclosed.

Abstract: A substrate is spray coated with a composition containing an epoxy resin-modified polyester binder which is water-dilutable upon base neutralization of the free carboxyl groups and is prepared via the reaction of A) a polyester containing (cyclo)aliphatic groups having at least six carbon atoms derived from (a.sub.1) a polycarboxylic acid with at least three carboxyl groups and/or (a.sub.2) a polyol with at least one carboxyl group, and (a.sub.3) a polycarboxylic acid with two carboxyl groups and (a.sub.4) a polyol; and (B) a bisphenol epoxy resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathodic electrocoating process, which uses electrocoating baths which contain a cationc amine-modified epoxy resin otainable by reacting(A) a diepoxy compound of an epoxy equivalent weight below 2000B) a compound monofunctionally reactive toward the epoxide groups and containign an alcoholic OH group, a phenolic OH group or an SH group, and(C) an amine,the components (A) and (B) being used in molar ratio of 10:1 to 1:1, preferably 4:1 to 1.5:1 and the positive charges being introduced by protonization of the reaction product and/or by use of amine salts as the component (C). The electrocoating baths used are distinguished by containing at least 7.5% by weight of a polyoxyalkylenepolyamine, the percentage by weight referring to the total amount of binders contained in the electrocoating bath.

Abstract: There are described benzophenoneazo dyes of the formula ##STR1## where the ring A can be benzofused and a benzofused ring A can be overbridged,m is 1 or 2,K is the radical of a coupling component,Y is hydrogen or arylazo,one of the two radicals X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is hydrogen and the other is hydroxysulfonyl,R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently of the others hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or, when m is 1 and Y is hydrogen, one of these substituents can also be the radical of the formula ##STR2## where L.sup.1 is a chemical bond or a bridge member, andX.sup.1, X.sup.2, R.sup.4, K and the ring A are each as defined above, andR.sup.4 is hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to foamed polylactide articles obtainable by foaming a mixture of amorphous polylactide granules which contain a blowing agent and of a finely divided polylactide which does not contain a blowing agent, and to a process for producing same.

Abstract: A polymer useful for preparing shaped articles comprises essentially repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen or methyl, andR.sup.3 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -aryl, which may be monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted by radicals selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy and halogen,and is obtainable by reacting a polymer based on C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl esters of metharcylic acid or of arcylic acid or mixtures of such esters with an aromatic amine of the general formula IIR.sup.3 NH.sub.2 IIin the presence of an amine having a pK.sub.b value .ltoreq.9.

Abstract: A process for regulating the reaction in the preparation of polyisobutylene by polymerizing isobutylene at from -130.degree. to 0.degree. C. in the presence of from 0.01 to 1.0% by weight of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, from 0.0001 to 0.1% by weight of a molecular weight regulator, and a low boiling point solvent that is inert under the reaction conditions, the percentages by weight being based in each case on isobutylene, in which the solvent that has evaporated in the polymerization is continuously removed, liquefied and recycled in the liquid state to the polymerization zone, wherein vinyl ethers are used as molecular weight regulators. The vinyl ether used in this process acts both as an accelerator and an inhibitor of the cationic polymerization.

Abstract: Herbicidal agents containing at least one thiochromenone of the formula I ##STR1## where n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, and the radicals R.sup.3 may have different meanings when n is>1;R.sup.1 is hydrogen; cyano; halogen; substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or hetaryl;a group --XR.sup.4 or a group --COYR.sup.4, whereX is oxygen, sulfur and NR.sup.5,Y is oxygen and NR.sup.5,R.sup.4 is one of the following groups:hydrogen; formyl; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkylcarbonyl; cycloalkylcarbonyl; alkylsulfonyl; cycloalkylsulfonyl;substituted or unsubstituted aryl, hetaryl, arylcarbonyl, hetarylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl or hetarylsulfonyl;andR.sup.5 is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or hetaryl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen; cyano; nitroso; nitro; halogen; substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl or hetaryl;a group --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 or a group --COYR.sup.4, whereY, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the above meanings;R.sup.

Abstract: There are described azo dyes of the formula ##STR1## where in case a)m is 1,n is 0,Y is hydroxyl, andL is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylene, orin case b)m is 0 or 1,n is 1,X is hydrogen,Y is imino, andL is 1,4-piperazinediyl when m is 0 orC.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkylene or phenylene when m is 1,the use thereof for dyeing or printing paper stock, and dye mixtures comprising the dyes.

Abstract: Dicarboximides of the formulae Ia, Ib and Ic ##STR1## where X is oxygen or sulfur,R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, alkylthio, haloalkoxy, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, phenoxy or phenylthio, a 5-membered or 6-membered saturated or aromatic heterocyclic radical containing one or two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, where the stated organic radicals may be further substituted, andR.sup.2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: .alpha.-Arylacrylates substituted by a heterocyclic radical and of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkoxy or alkylthio, R.sup.2 is alkyl, Het is quinolyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted, A is oxygen and n is 1, and their plant-tolerated acid addition salts and metal complexes, and the N-oxides of the heterocyclic compounds, and fungicides containing these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pigment dispersant for use in coating compositions. The dispersant is the reaction product of a functionalized copolymer, a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl compound to impart water soluble character to the copolymer, and a compound having a pigment interactive substituent including hydrazine derivatives and oxime containing compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for coating electrically conductive substrates, in which aqueous electrodeposition paints containing 1 to 15 percent by weight of electrically conductive carbon black and/or graphite having a primary particle diameter of less than 10 .mu.m in combination with up to 12 percent by weight of zinc powder or zinc flakes, with the percentages by weight relating to the total amount of binder and--if present--crosslinking agent contained in the electrodeposition paint, are employed.

Abstract: Heteroaromatically condensed hydroxypyridonecarboxamides of the structure I ##STR1## where the substituents and the ring Q have the following meanings: R.sup.1 hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy;R.sup.2 hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyloxy, dialkylamino; orR.sup.1, R.sup.2 together denote an alkylene chain with 2-6 members and which may be interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or N-methyl;X oxygen or sulfur;Q a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing from 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and/or one oxygen or sulfur atom as heteroatoms, and which may be substituted one to three times,and environmentally compatible salts thereof.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a nonmagnetic substrate and at least one magnetic layer applied thereon and containing an acicular chromium dioxide uniformly distributed in a polymeric binder and additives and having a coercive force of at least 60 kA/m, a mean particle length of the chromium dioxide of less than 300 nm, whose factor HD according to the formula ##EQU1## where KT is the coercive force of the magnetic layer in [kA/m], measured in an external field of 380 kA/m, L is the mean particle length and .DELTA.L is the range of the particle size distribution, determined from the numerical distribution of the particle length, both measured in [nm], is greater than 1.85, and a process for the preparation of this chromium dioxide.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a process for the production of closures, in which process a sealing composition is applied and baked on the inside of the closures, wherein a sealing composition is applied which containsA) 20 to 95% by weight of at least one compound having on average more than two isocyanate groups per molecule and/or of a diisocyanate prepolymer, the isocyanate groups being blocked,B) 1.5 to 30% by weight of at least one diamine and/or polyamine,C) 0 to 78.5% by weight of at least one plastic and/or elastic and/or reactive organic polymer,D) 0 to 60% by weight of pigments and/or fillers,E) 0 to 50% by weight of one or more reactive diluents andF) 0 to 20% by weight of auxiliaries and additives, the sum of the proportions by weight of the components A to F being 100% in each case.The present invention also relates to the closures produced by the process according to the invention and to packaging containers which contain said closures.

Abstract: Copolymers of ethylene with acrylates or acrylic acid are prepared by copolymerizing 100 parts by weight of ethylene with from 1.0 to 20.0 parts by weight of tert-butyl acrylate or tert-butyl methacrylate or acrylic acid or solutions of acrylic acid in acrylates in a continuously operated, tubular polymerization system at above 800 bar and at from 130.degree. to 320.degree. C. in the presence of a free radical polymerization initiator by feeding two gas streams into the polymerization system, by a process in which the first gas stream contains exclusively ethylene with a polymerization initiator and, if required, a polymerization regulator and the second gas stream contains a mixture of ethylene and tert-butyl acrylate or tert-butyl methacrylate or a mixture of ethylene with a solution of acrylic acid in acrylates and polymerization initiators and, if required, polymerization regulators.