Abstract: Novel radical ion salts of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another are each hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, methoxy, ethoxy, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, or R.sup.1 or R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 may furthermore be tert-butyl and/or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and/or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together may in each case form a radical of the formula ##STR2## where z is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and the fused aromatic rings are unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by chlorine, bromine, methyl and/or methoxy, M.sup.m.sym. is an m-valent alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, tin, lead, thallium, ammonium, phosphonium, arsonium or stibonium ion, k is from 1 to 5, l is from 0.1 to 4, m is from 1 to 3, n is from 0.1 to 4, x is from 0 to 2 and y is from 0 to 6, and k, l, n, x and y may furthermore be non-integral numbers and (l+x)=n.m, are electrically conductive in the crystalline state. A number of the salts are stable at 300.degree. C. and above.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-hydroxy-4-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)benzophenones, by reacting 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenones with ethylene carbonate in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt catalyst at elevated temperatures, and isolating the finished product from the crude reaction mixture.

Abstract: Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkylaryl, are prepared by converting the corresponding .alpha.-hydroxy, alkoxy or carboxy compound in the presence of an acidic catalyst.Preferred starting materials are 3-methyl-3-hydroxy-butan-2-one, 3-methyl-3-hydroxypentan-2-one and 3-pentamethylene-3-hydroxypropan-2-one, and preferred catalysts are zeolites of the pentasil type.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and A have the meanings stated in the specification, as well as the use thereof for controlling diseases, are described.

Abstract: A flexible foam composite of high flame resistance consists of one or more layers of a flexible melamine resin foam from 4 to 25 g/l in density and one or more layers of a flexible polyimide foam from 8 to 40 g/l in density.

Abstract: Semifinished material consisting of symmetrically-needled glass-fiber mat impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer. The glass mat can be made by, for instance, needling continuous filament web from above and below at the same time with a double needling machine.

Abstract: Acid is removed from cathodic electrocoating baths by a process in which electroconductive substrates are coated with cationic resins present in the form of aqueous dispersions, at least a portion of the coating bath being subjected to an ultrafiltration where the ultrafiltration membrane retains the cationic resin to form an ultrafiltrate which contains water, solvent, low molecular weight substances and ions and at least a portion of the ultrafiltrate is recycled into the coating bath, and at least a portion of the ultrafiltrate is subjected to a special electrodialysis treatment before being returned into the electrocoating bath.

Abstract: For the seamless and firm joining of the end and/or lateral areas of thermoplastically processible photosensitive layers, the end and/or lateral areas of one or more solvent-free and unsupported thermoplastically processible photosensitive layers are overlapped avoiding bubbles and with displacement of the air between the end and/or lateral areas, the total layer material is then heated under pressure and with joining of the overlapping end and/or lateral areas, and the resulting continuously joined photosensitive layer is then aftertreated and smoothed with shaping to exact size.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording element comprising(A) an electrically conducting base and(B) at least one photoconductive layer consisting essentially of(b.sub.1) at least one binder,(b.sub.2) at least one sensitizer which on exposure of layer (B) generates charge carriers and which is selected from the group of the isoindolenine dyes of the general structure I ##STR1## where the index and the variables have specified meanings, (b.sub.3) at least one photoconductor which transports the generated charge carriers and optionally(b.sub.4) additives,in useful for reprographic purposes, for producing printing plates, in particular offset plates, and for producing photoresists.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive mixture consists of a polymeric binder which is insoluble in water but soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions, and of an organic compound whose solubility in an aqueous alkaline developer is increased by the action of an acid and which contains both one or more acid-cleavable groups and a group which forms a strong acid under the action of radiation.The radiation-sensitive mixture is suitable for use in photosensitive coating materials for the production of relief patterns and relief images.

Abstract: The invention relates to a soluble acrylate copolymer which can be obtained by copolymerization of more than 3 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of all the monomers, of a monomer with at least 2 polymerizable, olefinically unsaturated double bonds, monomers which carry functional groups and other monomers with a polymerizable double bond, the acid number of the acrylate resin being 15 to 200. The invention furthermore relates to processes for the preparation of the acrylate copolymers and coatings based thereon and based on polyepoxides.

Abstract: Soils are fertilized by a method in which ammonium syngenite (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4.CaSO.sub.4.H.sub.2 O or a mixture of finely divided ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride and/or dicalcium phosphate is applied to these soils, as a slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer, with the proviso that the molar ratio of Ca to SO.sub.4.sup.-- in the mixture is 1:2.+-.10%.

Abstract: Sulfonamides of the general formula I ##STR1## where A, n, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, W, X, Y and Z have the meanings given in the disclosure and claims, salts and N-oxides thereof, and their use as herbicidal agents.

Abstract: One-component polyurethane systems contain reaction products prepared in situ from(A) monoamines and/or polyamines and/or polymeric substances having one or more amino groups and(B) mono- and/or polyisocyanates and/or polymeric substances having one or more isocyanate groupsas viscosity-regulating substances.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bisalkoxy(iso)violanthrenediones involves alkylating the corresponding bishydroxyl compounds in an organic reaction medium with methyl benzoate as the reaction medium.The ester can easily be regenerated and is stable under the reaction conditions.

Abstract: Caprolactam is recovered from caprolactam distillation low boilers or high boilers or mixtures thereof by the following steps:(a) crystallizing a low or high boiler or a mixture thereof to form purified capro-lactam crystals and a mother liquor,(b) separating off the purified caprolactam crystals to leave a mother liquor,(c) recycling from 5 to 90% by weight of the mother liquor of stage (b) into stage (a) and transferring the remainder of the mother liquor into the subsequent stage (d),(d) crystallizing the remaining mother liquor portion from stage (c) to form caprolactam crystals and a mother liquor, separating off the caprolactam crystals of stage(e) (d) and recycling the same into stage (a) to leave a mother liquor,(f) recycling from 20 to 99% by weight of mother liquor of stage (e) into stage (d) and channeling out the remainder of the impurity-containing mother liquor of stage (e).

Abstract: A sealant primer composition useful for promoting the adherence of non-porous materials to enamel paint coated substrates comprises (1) an acrylic polymer base composition comprising the reaction product of 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate and lower alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, (2) a pigmenting agent, and (3) a solvent effective to interpenetrate the enamel substrate coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to cathodically depositable aqueous electropaints which contain cationic amine-modified epoxy resins and are pigmented with electroconductive carbon black and which, on deposition and crosslinking, provide electrophoretically overcoatable coatings and contain as electroconductive carbon black a carbon black having an iodine absorption of 870-930 mg/g, a specific surface area (BET/N.sub.2) of 850-1,000 m.sup.2 /g, a pore volume (DBP) of 330-390 ml/100 g and an average particle size of 25-35 nm in an amount of 1.5 to 5.1% by weight - based on total solids.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.

Abstract: Cyclohexenone derivatives of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl or haloalkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkylmethyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzyl, or is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring which is bonded to the oxygen via a methylene unit,R.sup.2 is alkyl, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzoyl, trialkylsilyl, alkyl- or arylsulfonyl, dialkylphosphono or -thiophosphono, or an organic or inorganic cation,R.sup.4 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, or unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, andY is hydrogen, methoxycarbonyl, cyano, alkyl or halogen, and herbicides containing these compounds.