Abstract: Foam is controlled in the sugar industry and yeast industry by a process in which oxyalkylation products of the formula IR--O--(X.sub.1).sub.n --(X.sub.2).sub.m --(X.sub.3).sub.p --Zwhere R is alkyl of 6 to 22 carbon atoms or alkylphenyl where alkyl is of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are ethylene oxide units, n and p are each from 0 to 15 and the sum of n and p is not less than 2, the groups X.sub.2 are propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide units, m is from 0 to 15 and Z is straight-chain or branched alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, allyl or benzyl, having a turbidity point of <75.degree. C., are used as antifoams.

Abstract: A molded supported catalyst which contains from 2 to 13% by weight of copper ions in the form of copper(II) chloride and/or copper oxychloride and from 0.2 to 3% by weight of alkali metal ion on a columnar carrier and has a diameter of from 4 to 7 mm and a height which is from 0.35 to 0.75 times the diameter is particularly suitable for preparing 1,2-dichloroethane by oxychlorination of ethylene.

Abstract: A sealing screen for waste dumps, e.g., for garbage dumps and the like, consisting of protective impermeable layers. The layers include two sealing layers and a control filter layer that is interposed between sealing layers. Two piping systems, an injection line and a second line system, are arranged within the control filter layer. The sealing screen has individual areas which are partitioned off from each other by means of sealing connections between and perpendicular to the sealing layers. A collector shaft or a tunnel are provided for checking the seal integrity in each individual area. A drainage layer with a drainage line system is arranged above the top protective layer, and a sealing layer is provided for protection above the drainage layer against damage from the dumping of waste into the dump.

Abstract: The proposed catalyst for the gas-phase alkylation of phenols is based on magnesium oxide, contains up to 0.4% by weight of alkali metal oxide and is mechanically stabilized with from 1 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, of graphite, molded and then heated.

Abstract: A method and circuit arrangements for detecting and evaluating dropouts or drop-ins on recording media, comprising reading and modifying the recorded digital signals, the size and type of fault being evaluated on the basis of fixed threshold levels. In the case of a dropout, for example, the fault is weighted by determining the differential of the envelope of the read signal. In the case of a drop-in, other noise signals are left out of consideration by nonlinear emphasis of the drop-in and appropriate choice of the threshold value. A circuit combination enables both dropouts and drop-ins to be detected and evaluated.

Abstract: Ketene O,N-acetals of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is tertiary alkyl of 4 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, R.sup.3 is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkoxy, alkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro or trifluoromethyl and ##STR2## is a triazole, pyrazole, benzimidazole or imidazole radical, are prepared by a process in which a ketene O,O-acetal of the formula II ##STR3## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the above meanings and R.sup.4 is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, alkoxy, alkyl, phenyl, phenoxy, cyano, nitro or trifluoromethyl, is reacted with a compound of the formula ##STR4## where ##STR5## has the above meanings, at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Homopolymers, copolymers and/or block copolymers which are obtained from vinylaromatics and/or dienes, are modified with functional amino groups and contain functional groups of the formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## where N is nitrogen, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl or aryl, A is an unsubstituted or substituted one-membered carbon bridge, Me is an alkali metal and B is a 2-membered to 12-membered carbon bridge in which at least the members adjacent to the nitrogen atoms consists of --C(R.sup.3,R.sup.4) radicals, where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be identical or different and are each hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, and the more remote members can be not only --C(R.sup.3 R.sup.

Abstract: Automotive coating compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a metallic or a metallic-like pigment and a metal oxide pigment, wherein the metal oxide pigment has a particle size of about 20 nm to about 30 nm. The coating compositions exhibit high chromaticity with excellent downflop. The coating compositions also have an opalescent appearance.

Abstract: In a laser-optical arrangement for producing signals by light scattering, obscuration or reflection, from flowing particles and/or groups of particles, which are recorded, as time-dependent voltage/current fluctuations, by means of a photodetector (9) via appropriate imaging optics (7,8,18), assignment to the degree of dispersion of the flowing system is based on a subsequent measurement (10) of the root-mean-square value, and, according to the invention, the sample stream (1) is separated from a transmitter (6,7,18) and a receiver (8,9,10) by an enveloping stream (4), and the transmitter side consists of an individual light-transmitting fiber (7) provided with a means for parallel or focused emergence of a light bundle having a diameter of the order of magnitude of the particles and/or groups of particles.

Abstract: Binders for cathodic electrocoating which are based on polyadducts/polycondensates which carry basic nitrogen groups and are rendered water-dilutable by protonation with an acid, and one or more crosslinkng agents for these polyadducts/polycondensates, and their use.These binders essentially consist of a mixture of(A) from 50 to 90% by weight of a polyadduct/polycondensate which carries basic nitrogen groups and is obtainable by reacting(a) an adduct of a secondary amine and a polyepoxide compound, the adduct still containing free epoxide groups, with(b) a condensate which contains primary amino groups and is obtained from a primary diamine of not less than 4 carbon atoms and one or more mono- and/or dicarboxylic acids, one or more primary amino groups of the condensate (b) being used per free epoxide group of the adduct (a), and(B) from 10 to 50% by weight of a crosslinking agent which does not react with component (A) at room temperature but reacts with the latter at elevated temperatures with crosslinking.

Abstract: Composite materials consisting of heat-resistant thermoplastic polymers and metal oxide reinforcing fibers having diameters of less than 1000 nm are prepared by hydrolyzing an organometallic compound, preferably an aluminum alkoxide, in a melt or solution of the thermoplastic under the action of a high shear gradient.

Abstract: Methine dyes (I) which conform in one of their tautomeric forms to the general formula ##STR1## where Y.sup.1 is in both or either case an electron-attracting group and the other Y.sup.1 is hydrogen,Y.sup.2 is in each case, independently of the others, hydrogen, --CN, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridyl or together with a further Y.sup.2 a five- or six-membered ring which may have a fused-on benzene ring,R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 -aralkyl or .beta.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naphthyl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl, and one of the radicals may furthermore be hydrogen, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy or chlorine, and R.sup.4 is acylamino, are particularly useful for dyeing polyesters.

Abstract: A hub/tape clamp arrangement for tape-like or strip-like articles consists of a recess in the peripheral edge of the hub, having one or more middle projections, and a tape clamp having the shape of an inverted W. In practice, wedge-shaped locking means between the projection and/or walls of the recess and the tape clamp may serve to retain the clamp and fix the tape. Steps at the ends of the recess, and extensions or steps in the hub recess which have been matched up in shape, increase the possibilities for monitoring/measuring dimensions. If the tape is fastened asymmetrically on one side, the tape clamp rises out of the recess on one side by a distance precisely the same as the tape thickness, so that the tape emerging from the recess is wound at the same level, i.e. the empty hub has a roughly screw-shaped peripheral contour. The hub can be designed for use with or without one or more flanges and is particularly useful for thin tapes, e.g. magnetic tapes.

Abstract: In the preparation of block copolyethers which contain sulfonyl and keto groups by polycondensation of aromatic dihalogen compounds and bisphenols in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate in N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one as a solvent, an amorphous polyether sulfone block having a molecular weight Mn of from 1,500 to 30,000 is prepared in a first stage, and, in a second stage, a polyetherketone block is polymerized onto the living chain ends, the molar ratio of sulfonyl to keto groups being from 90:10 to 40:60.

Abstract: Heat-curable hot-melt enamels, a process for their preparation, and the production of highly heat-resistant wire windings. These heat-curable hot-melt enamels are solutions of a nylon in organic solvents, which contain, as the nylon, a nylon possessing functional amino groups and additionally contain a blocked di- or polyisocyanate. They are useful for the production of highly heat-resistant wire windings.

Abstract: Fully aromatic themotropic polyesters are based on(A) from 30 to 60 mol % of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,(B) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(B.sub.1) terephthalic acid and(B.sub.2) isophthalic acid,the molar ratio of B.sub.1 to B.sub.2 being from 1.04:1 to 19:1, and(C) from 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(C.sub.1) hydroquinone,(C.sub.2) 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl and(C.sub.3) from 0 to 5 mol % of a dihydroxy compound of the general formula I ##STR1## where R and R' are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, halogen or aryl, n is 1, 2 or 3 and m is 0 or 1,the molar ratio of C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 being from 0.1:1 to 2.67:1 and the molar ratio of B to C being from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of modified polyphenylene ether resins by grafting fumaric acid, preferably at from 270.degree. to 350.degree. C., onto polyphenylene ethers which are mixed with vinylaromatic polymers, and modified polyphenylene ether resins consisting of from 4.95 to 95 parts by weight of polyphenylene ether, from 95 to 4.95 parts by weight of vinylaromatic polymer and from 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of grafted fumaric acid.

Abstract: 2-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanol is used as a scent and as a component of scent compositions.Scent compositions contain 2-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanol (I), which influences their fragrance. It has a very intense earthy woody vetiver-like fragrance and is stable in neutral, acidic and alkaline solutions.

Abstract: An aqueous wax dispersion for floor care contains a mixture of an aqueous secondary dispersion of an ethylene copolymer wax, having a specific MFI, and an aqueous primary dispersion together with plasticizers, leveling agents and water, and an ethylene copolymer wax in the form of an aqueous secondary dispersion is used for floor emulsions.