Abstract: A process for converting a compound C1 of the formula I in a mer isomer form into an isomeric compound C2 of the formula I in a fac isomer form.

Abstract: A transgenic plant transformed by a phosphatase stress-related protein (PHSRP) coding nucleic acid, wherein expression of the nucleic acid sequence in the plant results in increased tolerance to environmental stress as compared to a wild type variety of the plant. Also provided are agricultural products, including seeds, produced by the transgenic plants. Also provided are isolated PHSRPs, and isolated nucleic acid coding PHSRPs, and vectors and host cells containing the latter.

Abstract: A crosslinker (i.e., a curing agent) for polymerizing a film-forming material. The crosslinker is an organic compound including at least two functional groups reactive with a film-forming material and at least one pendent group comprising a —Si(OR)3 group, wherein each R is independently an alkyl group including from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group including substituted and unsubstituted phenyl and benzyl groups. Functional groups reactive with a film-forming materials include isocyanate, blocked isocyanate, uretdione, epoxide, hydroxyl, carboxyl, ester, ether, carbamate, aminoalkanol, aminoalkylether, amide, or amine groups. Embodiments include derivatives of the various crosslinkers as disclosed elsewhere herein, where the crosslinker has at least two functional groups reactive with a film-forming material and at least one pendent group comprising a —Si(OR)3 group.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion with a pH of from 2 to 7, comprising (A) at least one swellable polymer or oligomer containing anionic and/or potentially anionic functional groups, (B) surface-modified, cationically stabilized, inorganic nanoparticles of at least one kind, (C) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amphiphiles and organic compounds which are capable of forming chelate ligands, and (D) at least one crosslinking agent; method for its production and its use for producing highly scratch-resistant coatings, moldings, and self-supporting films.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyclopentanone, at least comprising the following steps (i) to (iii): (i) providing a mixture G(i) comprising cyclopentene; (ii) providing liquid or supercritical N2O or a liquid or supercritical gas mixture G(ii) comprising at least 20% by volume of N2O, based on the total volume of the mixture G(ii); (iii) contacting the mixture G(i) with the liquid or supercritical N2O or the liquid or supercritical mixture G(ii) to obtain a mixture G(iii) comprising cyclopentanone, wherein the mixture G(i) contains at least 25% by weight and at most 95% by weight, of cyclopentene, based on the total weight of the mixture G(i).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a powder coating suspension prepared in the presence of an emulsifier (A) by emulsifying a liquid component (B) in an aqueous medium (C) to give an aqueous emulsion of liquid particles (D); and cooling the emulsion of liquid particles (D); wherein the emulsifier (A) has a hydroxyl number of 50 to 250 mg KOH/g and is a copolymer prepared by copolymerizing in an aqueous medium (a1) a hydroxyl-containing, olefinically unsaturated monomer; and (a2) an olefinically unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of (a21) a monomer of the general formula R1R2C?CR3R4, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen atoms or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, arylalkyl or arylcycloalkyl radicals, with the proviso that at least two of R1, R2, R3, and R4 are aryl, arylalkyl or arylcycloalkyl radicals; (a22) an olefinically unsaturated terpene hydrocarbon; and (a23) a dimeric alpha-alkylvinylaromatic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of at least one heterocyclic compound of the formula (I) in which R is H or C1-C3-alkyl as a frictional wear-reducing additive in fuel compositions; to corresponding additized fuel compositions and their preparation; and to additive concentrates which comprise such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for changing the given mean molecular weight Mn in the continuous preparation of polytetrahydrofuran or tetrahydrofuran copolymers, the mono- or diesters of polytetrahydrofuran or of tetrahydrofuran copolymers by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran in the presence of a telogen and/or of a comonomer over an acidic catalyst, wherein a) the molar ratio of telogen to tetrahydrofuran or to tetrahydrofuran and comonomer is changed, b) then the mean molecular weight of at least one sample is determined, c) until the mean molecular weight thus determined differs from the molecular weight to be achieved by the change, the already formed polytetrahydrofuran or the tetrahydrofuran copolymers, the mono- or diesters of polytetrahydrofuran or tetrahydrofuran copolymer is at least partly depolymerized over an acidic catalyst and d) the tetrahydrofuran recovered by depolymerization is recycled at least partly into the polymerization.

Abstract: Finely divided, starch-containing polymer dispersions which are obtainable by free radical emulsion copolymerization of (a) from 25 to 50% by weight of at least one optionally substituted styrene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, (b) from 1 to 49% by weight of at least one C1-C4-alkyl acrylate and/or one C2-C4-alkyl methacrylate, (c) from 1 to 49% by weight of at least one C5-C22-alkyl acrylate and/or one C5-C22-alkyl methacrylate and (d) from 0 to 10% by weight of at least one other ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomer and (e) from 15 to 40% by weight of a degradable starch which has a molar mass Mw of from 1000 to 65 000 the sum (a)+(b)+(c)+(d)+(e) being 100% and being based on the total solids content, in the presence of redox initiators and at least 0.

Abstract: A process for preparing (meth)acrylic esters (F) of hydroxy-functional aromas (A), in which at least one hydroxy-functional aroma (A) in the presence of at least one enzyme (E) is esterified with (meth)acrylic acid (S), or transesterified with at least one (meth)acrylic ester (D), the reaction in the case of the transesterification being effected in the absence of solvents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for modifying the genome of Gram-positive bacteria, to these bacteria and to novel vectors. The invention particularly relates to a method for modifying corynebacteria or brevibacteria with the aid of a novel marker gene which has a conditionally negatively dominant action in the bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing amines by reacting glycerol with hydrogen and an aminating agent from the group of ammonia and primary and secondary amines in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of from 100° C. to 400° C. and a pressure of from 0.01 to 40 MPa (from 0.1 to 400 bar). Preference is given to using glycerol based on renewable raw materials. The catalyst preferably comprises one metal or a plurality of metals or one or more oxygen compounds of the metals of groups 8 and/or 9 and/or 10 and/or 11 of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The invention further relates to the use of the reaction products as an additive in cement or concrete production and in other fields of use. This invention further provides the compounds 1,2,3-triaminopropane, 2-aminomethyl-6-methylpiperazine, 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)piperazine and 2,6-bis(aminomethyl)piperazine.

Abstract: A process for removing carbon dioxide from a fluid flow, wherein a) the fluid flow is brought into contact with an absorption agent which contains a solution of ammonia and at least one amino carboxylic acid and/or amino sulfonic acid, a charged absorption agent being obtained, and b) the charged absorption agent is regenerated while releasing carbon dioxide. The additional use of the amino carboxylic acid and/or amino sulfonic acid increases the circulation absorption capacity of the absorption agent.

Abstract: The use of nondendrimeric hyperbranched polyesters and/or polyesteramides which comprise alkyl- and/or alkenyl-substituted succinic acid units as demulsifiers for splitting oil-water emulsions, especially crude oil emulsions, and also nondendrimeric hyperbranched polyesters or polyesteramides which comprise alkyl- and/or alkenyl-substituted succinic acid units.

Abstract: Process for preparation of block polymers of polyethylene terephthalate and of the polyamide composed of meta-xylylenediamine and adipic acid, and process for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the hydroformylation of compounds of the formula (I), where X is C, P(Rx), P(O—Rx) S or S(?O), where Rx is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl; A is a divalent bridging group having from 1 to 4 bridging atoms; and R1 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl; or salts thereof; in which the compound of the formula (I) is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a complex of a metal of transition group VIII with a compound of the formula (II), where Pn is a pnicogen atom; W is a divalent bridging group having from 1 to 8 bridging atoms; R2 is a functional group capable of forming an intermolecular, noncovalent bond with the group —X(?O)OH; R3, R4 are each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl; a, b, c are each 0 or 1; and Y1, Y2 and Y3 are each O, S, NRa or SiRbRc; and also compounds of the formula (II.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 1,2-propanediol, in which a glycerol-containing stream, especially a stream obtained on the industrial scale in the production of biodiesel, is subjected to a hydrogenation in a two-stage reactor cascade.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel fuel additives obtainable by reacting carboxylic acids and alkanol amines under specific conditions. Said additives show an improved performance in fuels, like gasoline. The invention also relates to methods of preparing the same; additive packages containing said additives; and methods of improving the storage stability of additive packages comprising a detergent additive in an organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a constant load shear cell and a method for constant loading of a magnetorheological fluid in a constant load shear cell. The constant load shear cell comprises a rotatable shaft (1), to which a rotor plate (2) is fixed. A first gap (5), for accommodating a magnetorheological fluid, is formed between a first side (3) of the rotor plate (2) and a first shear surface (4). A second gap (8), for accommodating the magnetorheological fluid, is formed between a second side (6) of the rotor plate (2) facing away from the first and a second shear surface (7). The constant load shear cell further comprises at least one magnet (9) for generating a magnetic field in the first and second gaps (5, 8).

Abstract: Systems and methods for abating NOx in an exhaust stream are provided. System using a lean NOx trap, an air injector and optional catalysts and filters are described. The emissions treatment system is advantageously used for the treatment of exhaust streams from diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines.