Abstract: The invention relates to antistatic and electrically conductive polyurethanes containing conductive carbon blacks and carbon fibers, and the use thereof.

Abstract: Processes comprising: providing an anion exchanger at least partially loaded with hexachlorostannate; and contacting the at least partially loaded anion exchanger with a 1 to 10 wt. % hydrochloric acid solution to regenerate the anion exchanger.

Abstract: The image data capture of a test piece is performed with at least one first camera. A reference point of the test piece is determined by processing the image data recorded with the at least one first camera. A burner is positioned at a prescribed first distance from the reference point for the flame exposure of the test piece. At least one second camera may also detect whether the test piece exposed to a flame is burning or incandescing. At least one third camera may be used for monitoring the burner flame and at least one fourth camera may be used for determining whether the test piece drips while burning. Furthermore, at least one detector may used for detecting whether the drips ignite a pad of wadding positioned under the test piece.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the performance of nickel electrodes in alkali chloride electrolysis by adding water-soluble platinum compounds to the catolyte.

Abstract: Processes for producing bisphenols (e.g., bisphenol A (BPA)) having a purity greater than 99.7% are described, such processes including reacting a phenol and acetone in the presence of an acidic catalyst to form a product mixture comprising a bisphenol; removing at least a portion of the bisphenol from the product mixture in the form of a bisphenol/phenol adduct by crystallization, filtration and washing to provide bisphenol/phenol adduct crystals; and removing at least a portion of the phenol from the bisphenol/phenol adduct crystals to provide the bisphenol having a purity of more than 99.7%; wherein the crystallization comprises continuous suspension crystallization and is carried out in at least three crystallization devices arranged such that the product mixture is first cooled in a first stage of the crystallization to a temperature of 50 to 70° C.

Abstract: Processes comprising: (a) reacting phosgene and a monohydroxyl aryl compound in the presence of a suitable catalyst to form a diaryl carbonate and a solution comprising an alkali chloride; (b) separating the diaryl carbonate from the solution; (c) adjusting the pH of the solution to a value of less than or equal to 8 to form a pH-adjusted solution; (d) treating the pH-adjusted solution with an adsorbent to form a treated solution; (e) subjecting at least a portion of the treated solution to electrochemical oxidation to form chlorine and an alkali hydroxide solution; and (f) recycling at least a portion of one or both of the chlorine and the alkali hydroxide solution.

Abstract: Processes are described which include: (a) providing an initial crude alkali metal chloride brine; (b) mixing the initial crude brine with a recirculated brine to form a process brine steam; (c) subjecting the process brine stream to electrolysis to form chlorine gas and an electrolyzed weak brine; and (d) subjecting the electrolyzed weak brine to a post-electrolysis salt enrichment comprising (i) diverting a substream of the electrolyzed weak brine at a post-electrolysis diversion point; (ii) removing water from the substream; (iii) crystallizing salt present in the substream; (iv) separating the crystallized salt from the substream; and (v) introducing the separated salt into the electrolyzed weak brine to form the recirculated brine.

Abstract: A method of irreversibly immobilizing an enzyme in a polyurethane and an enzyme-containing polyurethane having a degree of immobilization of the enzyme of approximately 100%. The synthesis of waterborne polyurethanes in the presence of enzyme has enabled the irreversible attachment of the enzyme to the polymeric matrix. The distribution of immobilized enzyme as well as activity retention are homogeneous within the polyurethane. Decreasing ECC hydrophobicity, via the use of a less hydrophobic polyisocyanate prepolymer during polymerization, significantly enhanced the intrinsic activity of the ECC.

Abstract: Processes for the production of chlorine by multi-stage oxidation, for example, by thermal reaction of hydrogen chloride with oxygen using catalysts or by non-thermal activated reaction of hydrogen chloride with oxygen, in which the gas mixture formed in the reaction, comprising the target products chlorine and water, unreacted hydrogen chloride and oxygen, and possibly other secondary constituents, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, (a) is cooled to condense hydrochloric acid as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride and (b) the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride formed is separated from the gas mixture, characterised in that (c) the separated aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is fed at least partially to an electrochemical oxidation in which at least part of the hydrogen chloride is oxidised to chlorine, (d) the chlorine gas occurring in step d) is optionally added to the gas mixture occurring in step c), (e) the residues of water present in the gas mixture from steps c) and e), in particular by

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of chlorine by catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one support substance and at least one catalytic metal sulfide, catalysts which comprise at least one support substance and at least one catalytic metal sulfide, and processes for making the same.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed comprising: (a) providing a gas phase comprising hydrogen chloride and oxygen; and (b) oxidizing the hydrogen chloride with the oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising tin dioxide and at least one oxygen-containing ruthenium compound.

Abstract: A device for cooling hot gases (quencher) with the formation of a corrosive condensation product, which device has a pressure-resistant container and at least one corrosion-resistant internal gas guide pipe, and to a method of cooling gases that form corrosive condensation products, which method uses the mentioned device.

Abstract: A process is disclosed comprising: (a) reacting hydrogen chloride and oxygen to form a gas mixture comprising chlorine, water, unreacted hydrogen chloride, and unreacted oxygen; (b) cooling the gas mixture to form an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride; (c) separating at least a portion of the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride from the gas mixture; (d) removing at least a portion of the water from the gas mixture; and (e) subjecting the gas mixture to a gas permeation such that at least a portion of the unreacted oxygen in the gas mixture is separated to form a chlorine-rich gas stream and an oxygen-containing partial stream.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed which include: (a) providing a gas comprising chlorine, oxygen, and carbon dioxide; (b) feeding the gas to a distillation column having a head, a bottom, a rectifying section and a stripping section, wherein the gas is fed to the distillation column at an introduction point between the rectifying section and the stripping section; (c) distilling the gas in the column at a pressure of 8 to 30 bar and at a column head temperature of ?10° C. to ?60° C., to form liquid chlorine and a head mixture comprising carbon dioxide and oxygen; (d) removing the liquid chlorine from the distillation column at the bottom of the column; and (e) removing a first portion of the head mixture from the head of the distillation column, and refluxing a second portion of the head mixture in the column.

Abstract: Processes comprising: (a) providing an initial gas mixture comprising chlorine, water, hydrogen chloride and oxygen; (b) cooling the initial gas mixture to form condensed hydrochloric acid and an intermediate chlorine-containing gas mixture; (c) contacting the intermediate gas mixture with a water-containing phase under a set of conditions selected from a pressure, a temperature and combinations thereof to form a chlorine hydrate-containing phase and a remaining gas mixture; (d) separating the chlorine hydrate-containing phase from the remaining gas mixture; (e) subjecting the chlorine hydrate-containing phase to a set of conditions selected from heat, pressure relief and combinations thereof to release chlorine and form a residual chlorine hydrate/water-containing phase; and (f) separating the released chlorine from the residual chlorine hydrate/water-containing phase.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of chlorine by catalytic gas phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen, wherein the catalyst comprises tin dioxide and at least one halogen-containing ruthenium compound, and such catalysts comprising at least one halogen-containing ruthenium compound and a tin dioxide support material are disclosed along with the use thereof.

Abstract: Processes for the production of organic isocyanates, comprising the production of phosgene by reaction of CO with Cl2, the reaction of the phosgene with organic amines to form the organic isocyanates, and the separation of the organic isocyanates, which is characterised in that the carbon monoxide is removed from the HCl-containing waste gas from the isocyanate synthesis by reaction with chlorine to form phosgene. The phosgene can be separated off and can optionally be fed back into an isocyanate synthesis The HCl-containing, CO-depleted gas is preferably subjected to HCl oxidation (Deacon). A closed chlorine cycle can be used in the isocyanate synthesis.

Abstract: A process is disclosed comprising: (a) reacting hydrogen chloride and an oxygen-containing gas to form a gas mixture comprising chlorine, water, unreacted hydrogen chloride, and unreacted oxygen, wherein the oxygen-containing gas reacted with the hydrogen chloride has an oxygen content of not more than 99 vol. %; (b) cooling the gas mixture to form an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride; (c) separating at least a portion of the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride from the gas mixture; and (d) subjecting the gas mixture to a gas permeation to form a chlorine-rich gas stream and an oxygen-containing partial stream.

Abstract: Oxidation catalysts which comprise at least one constituent active in the catalysis of oxidation reactions, and a support for said constituent, characterized in that the support includes carbon nanotubes; are disclosed along with processes for their use including the oxidation of hydrogen chloride. Such catalysts can exhibit a higher stability and activity than that of catalysts of the state of the art.

Abstract: Processes which include: (a) providing a gas phase comprising hydrogen chloride; (b) oxidizing the hydrogen chloride in a reactor to form a product gas comprising chlorine, unreacted hydrogen chloride and water, the reactor having structural parts with inner surfaces that are contacted during oxidation by one or both of the gas phase and the product gas; (c) cooling the process gas; (d) separating the unreacted hydrogen chloride and water from the product gas; (e) drying the product gas; and (f) separating the chlorine from the product gas; wherein the inner surfaces of the reactor structural parts that are contacted during oxidation by one or both of the gas phase and the product gas are comprised of a nickel material having a nickel content of at least 60 wt.