Abstract: In order to reduce the down time of a computer (1, 4-8) caused by a fault or interrupt in the program run, program recovery points are provided which are time-dependent or can be preset in the main program of a useful program, and when these recovery points are reached, the computer status is stored in at least one fault-tolerant archival memory (5, 6). The computer status includes the status of the variables of a useful program being executed, the register status of the processor (1) and the register status of the input/output devices of the computer. During execution of the useful program, at least a part of the current computer status is stored in a main memory (4) and copied into an archival memory (6) when a program recovery point is reached.

Abstract: In a diesel engine (1) supercharged by an exhaust gas turbocharger, both the compressor (4) and the turbine (3) of the supercharger are designed for full engine power and speed. A by-pass duct (8) provided with a non-return valve (9) and a control device (10) is connected between the exhaust gas duct (9) and the boost air duct (5). The turbine (3) is equipped with means (11, 12, 13) for varying the turbine equivalent cross-section. At part load, the equivalent cross-section and, simultaneously, the by-pass duct cross-section are varied in order to operate as near as possible to the surge limit of the compressor (4).

Abstract: A control wheel intended for welding onto the high-pressure rotor of a steam turbine is manufactured from a ring of individual blades welded together. For this purpose, all of the individual blades are provided with shrouds and root platforms having welding grooves formed therein. After being welded together into a ring, closed on all sides, the control wheel is annealed, machined and finally heat-treated.

Abstract: Two circuit arrangements are described for transforming 2.sup.n global addresses used in a control engineering system having several local units into 2.sup.m local addresses used in one of the units of the system. One of these contains several memories in which subfunctions resulting from a splitting of the transformation function conveying the transformation are stored. The other circuit arrangement contains a single memory which accepts all subfunctions. The transformation function is split into the subfunctions in such a manner that an optimum compromise is achieved between the storage space required for storing the subfunctions and the time required for the transformation.

Abstract: A lightning arrester having two terminal fittings (3), at least one resistor core (1) which contacts with the latter and which is of voltage-dependent resistance material, and an insulating housing (5) closely surrounding the resistor core (1). A lightning arrester of the generic type is to be created which can be manufactured with relatively low energy expenditure, without additional assembly effort and by a simple process. This is achieved by the housing (5) consisting of a resin matrix with embedded filler, the filler making up over 80% by weight of the housing, and by the housing (5) surrounding at least one resistor core (1) and the region of the terminal fittings (3) contacting the latter. The housing (5) is produced by the setting of a cast moulding compound.

Abstract: In an actuating drive for valves, the stroke motion of the servo piston has to be transmitted to the return sleeve in the control block, so that this results in that hydraulic feedback which restores the equilibrium at the servo piston. By means of a lever or a single-point mounting, this same stroke motion is directly transmitted to a pin attached in an eccentric position relative to the center axis of the return sleeve and transmitted from this pin to the return sleeve adjoining thereunder.

Abstract: To generate a prestress between a piston rod (1) and a valve spindle (2), a bar (5) is incorporated in the piston rod (1) and is prestressed against the valve spindle (2) by exerting a pressure force, which absorbs the pulling and pushing forces occurring there.

Abstract: In the case of saddle-type rotor blades of axial-flow turbomachines, the locking blade (6a), without its root part engaging in the fir trees (2) on the radially outer part of the rotor disk (1), is located under a large prestress between its neighboring blades (6b, 6c). It is fastened in the root part by means of axial pins (7). The blade root (4') of the locking blade (6a) is dimensioned more narrowly in the region of its fir trees (2') in its axial extension than that (4) of the neighboring blades (6b, 6c). By this means, a removal recess (10) is produced on both the inlet and outlet sides, in each of which a compression jack (11) can be introduced for pressing apart the neighboring blades (6b, 6c). The locking blade, relieved of loads in this manner, can be removed without being destroyed.

Abstract: In the dual burner of a gas turbine or a hot gas generating system, the swirler (1) is formed from at least two doubly curved sheets (4, 5) subject to tangential air inlet (7). These sheets (4, 5) are folded along diagonals (10a, 10b) running conically outwards in the outlet flow direction. One curved fold face forms an inner cone (4b, 5b) expanding in the direction of the swirler outlet end while the other curved fold faced forms an outer cone (4a, 5a) which contracts in the direction of the end outlet. The inner cones (4b, 5b) each carry at their ends a fuel main (8) whose fuel nozzles (9) are directed radially inwards towards the inner zone of the swirler (1). The liquid fuel (2a, 2b) is directed onto the outer cone (4a, 5a), the oil film (6) forming there being "rolled in" by the air (7) flowing into the outer cone (4a, 5a).

Abstract: In a device for degassing the feed-water line in the cycle of, for example, a nuclear heated electricity generating plant, steam bubbles are introduced into the condensate beneath the water level in the condensate collecting vessel via spray nozzles in order to solve the acute steam generator corrosion problems. For this purpose, a flow channel, in which the condensate follows a particular path to the hot well is provided in the vessel. Several spray nozzles are provided spaced out in the flow direction of the condensate. The steam/gas mixture escaping from the condensate is guided in counterflow to a steam balance opening which is located in the intermediate floor in the entry region of the flow channel the intermediate floor screening the vessel from the condensation space of the condenser.

Abstract: A driving mechanism, preferably provided for a high-voltage isolating switch (T), contains a driving motor (M) which acts upon a moving contact of the switch via a shaft (W) and is provided with a rotor winding (R) and a stator winding (S), connected in series. To control a direction of rotation of the driving motor (M) in dependence on the position of the switch, the driving mechanism also contains a control circuit. In this driving mechanism, it is intended to keep the number of cores of a connecting cable (L) from the driving mechanism housing (K) to a control cabinet (N) as small as possible.

Abstract: The combustion chamber is characterized by an annular-cylindrical space, which consists of two reaction chambers (8), arranged at the end, and a collision chamber (12) placed therebetween. The reaction chambers (8) are fitted at their face-sided ends with a number of burner elements (A, B), arranged axially parallel, their number depending on the output of the combustion chamber, which burner elements are in each case mirror-symmetrical to each other in relation to the central axis of the collision chamber (12). From the collision chamber (12), an annular mixing chamber (15) goes off to the turbine inlet (17). Each burner element (A, B) is provided with a twist member (6, 11), which in each case is orientated in opposed sense of rotation compared with the mirror-symmetrically arranged twist member.

Abstract: A device used in the determination of the quantitative composition of gases dissolved in the insulating oil of oil-insulated electrical apparatus wherein the device is capable of removing insulating oil samples and includes a pump arrangement for the extraction of the gases from the insulating oil sample by means of reduced pressure and for conveying it to an analytical section is disclosed. This device is intended to operate directly on the electrical apparatus to be investigated. This is achieved in that the device is constructed in a transportable manner and incorporates a peristaltically operating pump arrangement. This pump arrangement contains at least one peristaltic pump, whose inlet can be connected via an extraction vessel with the removal device and whose outlet can be connected optionally with the outside air or with a gas collecting vessel. The gases from the gas collecting vessel are analyzed in the analytical section.

Abstract: The circuit breaker displays a commutation device (4) and a semiconductor valve arrangement (6) which is connected in parallel with the commutation device (4), an isolating switching point (5) connected in series with the semiconductor valve arrangement (6) and a control circuit (11). The control circuit detects the polarity of the current to be disconnected and, together with a switching-off command (24), emits a response command to the commutation device (4) when the detected current flows in the direction of conduction of the semiconductor valve arrangement (6). When the current to be disconnected is interrupted in the semiconductor valve arrangement (6) after the commutation device (4) has responded, the control circuit (11) emits a release command to the isolating switching point (5) forming an isolating gap. As a result, the semiconductor valve arrangement (6) is isolated and the switching-off process is terminated.

Abstract: Self-excited vibrations can occur in the combustion chambers of gas turbines, which vibrations are due to modulation of the quantity of gaseous fuel or fuel/air mixture as the fuel is injected through a nozzle and into the combustion chamber. The modulation results from pressure fluctuations that occur in the plane of the nozzle. The new fuel lance simultaneously permits both de-coupling of the fuel line in order to avoid combustion chamber vibrations and the possibility of fuel quantity control. The fuel lance comprises an adjustable throttle body that is provided with fuel passage openings and a plunger, the penetration depth of which plunger relative to that of the throttle body is a measure of the fuel quantity flowing therethrough.

Abstract: Zinc oxide surge arresters are used to replace capacitive elements for voltages below the pick-up voltage of the surge arrester. Advantageously, the surge arresters may be provided in an alternating current network to provide a high degree of protection against transient disturbances without increasing cost.

Abstract: In this method, the oxygen content in the exhaust is measured relative to the oxygen content of the air by means of a lambda probe (7). To eliminate the influence of pressure variations in the exhaust system (3) of the internal-combustion engine (1) on the measurement, according to the invention an amount of exhaust sample is taken from the exhaust system (3) and not fed to the air pressure of the lambda probe (7) until it has been expanded.

Abstract: The high-speed separator has a blade row (2) in the bend plane of a pipe elbow (3). The pressure side of the hollow deflection blades (5) has rows of suction openings (6, 7) which are covered by cover strips (8, 9) and through which condensate and transport steam are drawn off into the inside of the blade and pass further via channels (24, 26) in the deflection blades (5) and via an outer housing (11) into a channel (25) of the blades (5), from where the transport steam freed of condensate is drawn off into the main steam flow through rows of suction openings (15) at the suction side of the blades which are likewise covered by cover strips (16).

Abstract: A method for reclosing a temporarily opened circuit breaker in a manner which assures that generation of unwanted overvoltage stresses is avoided during the reclosure process. An oscillating line voltage typically develops in a shunt-compensated line after a circuit breaker connecting the line to a voltage source is opened. When the circuit breaker is reclosed the source voltage and the oscillating voltages must be properly phased to avoid the overstressing problem. In operation, the polarities of the feed voltage and the oscillating line voltage are detected and the instant when the circuit breaker may be reclosed is calculated. The periods T.sub.L and T.sub.S of the line voltage and the feed voltage are measured. Also measured is the time .DELTA.T which elapses from a zero crossing of the line voltage waveform to a subsequent zero crossing of the feed voltage waveform having the same phase angle as that of the line voltage zero crossing. The circuit breaker is reclosed upon satisfying the relationship:.

Abstract: In a rotary-piston displacement machine, as is suitable, for example, for supercharging internal combustion engines, having at least two spiral-like delivery chambers in a stationary housing and spiral-like displacers engaging therein which execute a circulating, torsion-free movement with respect to the delivery chambers, the displacers are arranged on an eccentrically driven, disk-shaped rotor. The rotor is driven via a shaft centrally arranged in the inside of the housing. The two spirals run centro-symmetrically to one another in such a way that their suction-side ends are arranged around the drive bearings and at the same time cool the latter with fresh air. The air is delivered outwards from the inside of the housing, as a result of which heat dissipation of the outer housing parts during compression is provided for, which housing parts are provided with cooling ribs.