Abstract: A sprayer system including a wand, a rotary arm, a motor, a housing, a support, and a controller or control panel. The wand has a nozzle at one end. The rotary arm rotates around a first axle, and is connected at a distal end through a bearing to an opposite end of the wand. The housing covers or encloses a part of the wand, the rotary arm, and a rotatable ring through which the wand passes. The motor drives rotation of the rotary arm. The support mechanically supports the housing. The controller/control panel controls rotation of the rotary arm. The wand, the rotary arm and the ring are configured so that rotation of the rotary arm causes the nozzle to move in a circular, elliptical and/or oval pattern. Methods of making and using the sprayer system and software for controlling the system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sprayer system including a wand, a rotary arm, a motor, a housing, a support, and a controller or control panel. The wand has a nozzle at one end. The rotary arm rotates around a first axle, and is connected at a distal end through a bearing to an opposite end of the wand. The housing covers or encloses a part of the wand, the rotary arm, and a rotatable ring through which the wand passes. The motor drives rotation of the rotary arm. The support mechanically supports the housing. The controller/control panel controls rotation of the rotary arm. The wand, the rotary arm and the ring are configured so that rotation of the rotary arm causes the nozzle to move in a circular, elliptical and/or oval pattern. Methods of making and using the sprayer system and software for controlling the system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A teat cup liner is disclosed that includes an attachment section having an opening therein, a barrel joined to and in fluid communication with the attachment section, and a tube section, joined to and in fluid communication with the barrel. The barrel includes a transition section and a triangular section. A combined length of the attachment section and the transition section is (i) from 5.5 to 8.5 cm long, (ii) an average teat length (after elongation), optionally minus a minimum uniform pressure length, ±20%, or (iii) 40-65% of a combined length of the attachment section and the barrel. Alternatively, the transition section has a surface with a slope of less than 0.3, where the slope is defined by a change in the radius of the barrel in the transition section relative to the length of the transition section. The tube section includes a connection mechanism.

Abstract: A fluid measurement device and methods of manufacturing and using the same are disclosed. The fluid measurement device includes a conduit configured to transport a fluid, a conductivity sensor in the conduit, and a voltage sensor in the conduit and having first and second rings, probes, or plates. The conductivity sensor is configured to determine the conductivity of the fluid. The voltage sensor is configured to receive a first voltage on the first ring, probe, or plate and detect a capacitance or a second voltage on the second ring, probe, or plate. A value of the capacitance or second voltage corresponds to the amount of fluid in the voltage sensor. The total amount of fluid through the conduit may be determined from amount of fluid in the voltage sensor, the fluid flow rate, the fluid velocity, and the number of samples or the sampling rate.

Abstract: A fluid measurement device and methods of manufacturing and using the same are disclosed. The fluid measurement device includes a conduit configured to transport a fluid, a conductivity sensor in the conduit, and a voltage sensor in the conduit and having first and second rings, probes, or plates. The conductivity sensor is configured to determine the conductivity of the fluid. The voltage sensor is configured to receive a first voltage on the first ring, probe, or plate and detect a capacitance or a second voltage on the second ring, probe, or plate. A value of the capacitance or second voltage corresponds to the amount of fluid in the voltage sensor. The total amount of fluid through the conduit may be determined from amount of fluid in the voltage sensor, the fluid flow rate, the fluid velocity, and the number of samples or the sampling rate.

Abstract: A fluid measurement device and methods of manufacturing and using the same are disclosed. The fluid measurement device includes a conduit configured to transport a fluid, a conductivity sensor in the conduit, and a voltage sensor in the conduit and having first and second rings, probes, or plates. The conductivity sensor is configured to determine the conductivity of the fluid. The voltage sensor is configured to receive a first voltage on the first ring, probe, or plate and detect a capacitance or a second voltage on the second ring, probe, or plate. A value of the capacitance or second voltage corresponds to the amount of fluid in the voltage sensor. The total amount of fluid through the conduit may be determined from amount of fluid in the voltage sensor, the fluid flow rate, the fluid velocity, and the number of samples or the sampling rate.

Abstract: A liner for use with a teat cup having a rigid hollow shell having a central aperture is shown. The liner comprises a teat chamber having an opening which extends axially therethrough and terminates in a distal end and which has an axial length greater in length than a length of a teat terminating in a distal tip which is to be inserted into the teat chamber. The liner includes a transition chamber having an axially extending reducing inner passageway which has an inlet contiguous to and communicating with the opening in the distal end. The transition chamber defines thereon a circumferentially extending cuff member configured to be passed through a central aperture in a shell and to them surround and urge the cuff member against a shell. A milk tube communicates with the outlet of the transition chamber.