Abstract: An impermeable electrode for batteries, with an impermeable conductive layer of graphite, which is deposited from a suspension comprising graphite at a concentration between 1 and 50 g/l in an organic solvent on a substrate by immersion for a given length of time of, for example, approximately 10 to 60 seconds and wherein, after the deposition, the substrate with the layer of graphite is dried at a temperature between approximately 80 and 150° C. for a given length of time of, for example, approximately 1 minute and, after the drying, is heat-treated at a temperature between approximately 200 and 450° C. for a given length of time of, for example, approximately 5 to 60 minutes.

Abstract: A process for producing an impermeable electrode for electrolytic capacitors, supercapacitors or batteries, with an impermeable conductive layer of graphite, which is deposited from a suspension comprising graphite at a concentration between 1 and 50 g/l in an organic solvent on a substrate by immersion for a given length of time of, for example, approximately 10 to 60 seconds and wherein, after the deposition, the substrate with the layer of graphite is dried at a temperature between approximately 80 and 150° C. for a given length of time of, for example, approximately 1 minute and, after the drying, is heat-treated at a temperature between approximately 200 and 450° C. for a given length of time of, for example, approximately 5 to 60 minutes.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrolytic capacitor and a method for producing the electrodes including a conducting electrode material, in particular a foil, such as an aluminum foil. The conducting electrode material, for the purpose of increasing the surface, is exposed to a chemical or an electrochemical etching process. During the etching process, in an etching cell, at least one zone of the surface of the electrode material is covered with an etch-resistant coating and/or a separate protective shielding. After the etching process, the electrode is cut out, punched out or the like worked out of the electrode material such that the etched zone forms at least one margin region, in particular, a margin strip of the electrode.

Abstract: This invention refers to a process for the production of an electrode for electrolytic capacitors made of a conductive substrate (7) onto which a porous layer of aluminum oxide is deposited on both sides in at least two-phase process by vacuum deposition of unstoichiometric aluminum oxide in a reactive atmosphere and a following surface oxidation process by a treatment under reactive plasma as well as a roll-to-roll system for such production and an electrode made by such process.

Abstract: This invention refers to a process for the production of an electrode for electrolytic capacitors made of a conductive substrate (7) onto which a porous layer of aluminium oxide is deposited on both sides in at least a two-phase process by vacuum deposition of unstoichiometric aluminium oxide in a reactive atmosphere and a following surface oxidation process by a treatment under reactive plasma as well as a roll-to-roll system for such production and an electrode made by such process.

Abstract: An anode for an electrolytic capacitor includes aluminum foil as a substrate. On the aluminum foil is an alloy including aluminum and a further metal whose oxide has a higher dielectric constant than aluminum oxide. This alloy increases the surface roughness and is in vapor deposited in vacuum in several process steps at different angles of incident. A porous layer thereby is formed and a subsequent anodic oxidation is carried out.

Abstract: A process for producing an impermeable electrode for electrolytic capacitors, supercapacitors or batteries, with an impermeable conductive layer of graphite, which is deposited from a suspension comprising graphite at a concentration between 1 and 50 g/l in an organic solvent on a substrate by immersion for a given length of time of, for example, approximately 10 to 60 seconds and wherein, after the deposition, the substrate with the layer of graphite is dried at a temperature between approximately 80 and 150° C. for a given length of time of, for example, approximately 1 minute and, after the drying, is heat-treated at a temperature between approximately 200 and 450° C. for a given length of time of, for example, approximately 5 to 60 minutes.

Abstract: An anode for an electrolytic capacitor includes aluminum foil as a substrate. On the aluminum foil is an alloy including aluminum and a further metal whose oxide has a higher dielectric constant than aluminum oxide. This alloy increases the surface roughness and is in vapor deposited in vacuum in several process steps at different angles of incident. A porous layer thereby is formed and a subsequent anodic oxidation is carried out.

Abstract: A solar collector for absorbing solar energy and for conversation thereof into thermal energy includes an aluminum foil. One side only of the aluminum foil is blackened to an extent such that it will absorb solar energy, preferably to an extent approximating a black body. The blackening is achieved by subjecting the one surface of the aluminum foil to an electrochemical surface etching treatment.

Abstract: A metal tape is employed to form electrodes for an electrolytic capacitor. At least one side surface of the metal tape has rigidly adhered thereto a separating sheet of microporous thermoplastic material. This preferably is done by a thermal process or by cementing. Both surfaces of the metal tape, for example formed of aluminum, may have separating sheets applied thereto. Selected regions of such surface or surfaces may be maintained uncoated, whereby subsequent use as electrodes may enable the attachment to such uncoated regions of terminal contacts.

Abstract: The use of an aluminum foil is proposed for the chemical reduction of fluid and/or gas-like components, like CO.sub.2, and/or as a detector for electromagnetic radiation, e.g., in the ultra-violet spectrum. In this process the aluminum foil is subjected to a surface treatment which increases the surface coarseness. The coarse aluminum foil is placed as a negative electrode in an electrolyte bath containing the fluid and/or gas-like components which are to be reduced, thereby causing the aluminum foil to have a potential voltage. The coarse aluminum foil containing a potential voltage in the electrolyte bath is subjected to a photo emission process, e.g., placed under electromagnetic radiation which must be established, and the photo electric current is measured.

Abstract: Method for producing an aluminum foil for use in electrolytic capacitors, wherein an aluminum foil is subjected to treatment in a satination bath prior to conventional anodic etching. The satination bath gives the foil a more uniform surface condition, so that the subsequent etching occurs in a more uniform manner.