Abstract: Apparatus for directed cranial access to a site includes a guidepiece and a receptacle. The receptacle includes a lower part having a rim and a base, and a hollow stem at the base adapted to be mounted in a hole in the skull; and an upper part having a rim and an opening at the top. Each part of the receptacle has an interior spherical surface, and they can be joined at the rims to form an inner surface enclosing a spherical interior. The guidepiece includes a body having a spherical outer surface and a cylindrical bore through the center, defining an alignment axis; and a guide tube in the bore. The guidepiece is dimensioned to fit rotatably within the receptacle interior, and the apparatus is assembled by joining the receptacle over the guidepiece body, with the guide tube projecting through the top opening.

Abstract: Apparatus for directed cranial access to a site includes a guidepiece and a receptacle. The receptacle includes a lower part having a rim and a base, and a hollow stem at the base adapted to be mounted in a hole in the skull; and an upper part having a rim and an opening at the top. Each part of the receptacle has an interior spherical surface, and they can be joined at the rims to form an inner surface enclosing a spherical interior. The guidepiece includes a body having a spherical outer surface and a cylindrical bore through the center, defining an alignment axis; and a guide tube in the bore. The guidepiece is dimensioned to fit rotatably within the receptacle interior, and the apparatus is assembled by joining the receptacle over the guidepiece body, with the guide tube projecting through the top opening.

Abstract: Apparatus for directed cranial access to a site includes a guidepiece and a receptacle. The receptacle includes lower and upper parts. The guidepiece includes a body having a bore defining an alignment axis. The guidepiece is dimensioned to fit rotatably within the receptacle. The bore is dimensioned to accept an imaging device, and an adaptor is provided, dimensioned to accept a device to be placed at the site. The imaging device is inserted into the bore and the guidepiece is swiveled until the image shows that the axis is aligned along an optimal trajectory to the site, the guidepiece is locked, and the imaging device is withdrawn. Then the adaptor is inserted into the bore, and the device is inserted through the adaptor along the established trajectory to the site. After placement of the device, the adaptor, guidepiece, and receptacle are removed while the device is held in place.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the prevention and treatment of shivering encountered during therapeutic temperature regulation are disclosed that utilize an active system of counterwarming such that the timing and intensity of warmth provided to selected body areas is regulated dynamically in response to such factors as the extent of cooling applied to the core, the degree of shivering encountered, and patient temperature. Additionally, methods and apparatus are disclosed for the measurement and quantification of shivering for use in this and other applications.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the prevention and treatment of shivering encountered during therapeutic temperature regulation are disclosed that utilize an active system of counterwarming such that the timing and intensity of warmth provided to selected body areas is regulated dynamically in response to such factors as the extent of cooling applied to the core, the degree of shivering encountered, and patient temperature. Additionally, methods and apparatus are disclosed for the measurement and quantification of shivering for use in this and other applications.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the prevention and treatment of shivering encountered during therapeutic temperature regulation are disclosed that utilize an active system of counterwarming such that the timing and intensity of warmth provided to selected body areas is regulated dynamically in response to such factors as the extent of cooling applied to the core, the degree of shivering encountered, and patient temperature. Additionally, methods and apparatus are disclosed for the measurement and quantification of shivering for use in this and other applications.