Abstract: A communication system that includes a sender computer and plurality of designated receiver computers coupled to the sender through a communication link. Each one of the receiver computers is equipped with computational resources stronger than the computational resources of an adversary computer. There is provided a method for sending a secret from the sender computer to a designated receiver computer. The sender computer defining a succession of computational tasks having respective solutions. The computational tasks are so defined such that the duration of solving each task by the receiver computer is shorter than what would have been required for the adversary computer to solve the task. Next, the sender computer sending through the link the succession of tasks encrypted by previous solutions and the receiver computer receiving the tasks and is capable of decrypting the secret faster than what would have been required for the adversary computer to decrypt the secret.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels. The method employs reducing CO2 in an electrochemical cell using an aerogel carbon electrode and an ionic liquid membrane, thereby providing a carbon-based combustible.

Abstract: A therapeutic composition for treatment of a body tissue which includes an aqueous solution of a cross-linked polymer being capable of: (i) maintaining a liquid state in storage at room temperature for at least 24 hours; and (ii) assuming a gel state following deposition within the body tissue. The therapeutic composition can be effectively administered into a damaged body tissue via injection or catheterization, thereby treating the damaged body tissue.

Abstract: The invention relates to use of the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 for preventing and treating diabetes, including type I diabetes (TID) and type 2 diabetes. In particular, the invention provides compositions comprising a fragment of the extracellular region of NKp46 for preventing the onset and progression of diabetes.

Abstract: Apparatus for exercising a person's balance control, the apparatus comprising: a motion stage operable to displace an object mounted thereto; a treadmill mounted to the stage and comprising a belt having a runway surface on which a person using the treadmill stands, walks and/or runs; and a controller that controls the motion stage to provide a displacement of the treadmill and thereby the treadmill runway surface.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and method for free space pumping of active double-clad fiber based lasers and amplifiers. The apparatus comprises a laser emitting a signal laser beam; an active double-clad fiber having a core defining an optical axis of the apparatus and a pump cladding defining a cone of numerical aperture; an optical arrangement directing the signal laser beam along the optical axis through the core of the active double-clad fiber; at least one pump source emitting a pump beam; at least one delivery means coupling the pump beam to the pump cladding of the active double-clad fiber; and an optical arrangement coupling the amplified signal laser beam exiting the active double-clad fiber out of the apparatus.

Abstract: The current invention provides therapeutic methods which include inhibition of nuclear factor ?b pathway in a cell based on the discovery of an active fraction of a plant extract termed NUP or a composition which includes NUP. NUP is used in treating and managing different diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and virus infections.

Abstract: A method of transforming red microalgae is provided. The method is effected by: (i) culturing red microalgae cells under predetermined light/dilution conditions to thereby generate competent red microalgae cells; and (ii) introducing at least one exogenous polynucleotide into said competent red microalgae cells, thereby transforming the red microalgae.

Abstract: A process which comprises providing a porous matrix, mixing said porous matrix with a precursor solution containing manganese and cerium ions dissolved therein, triggering the formation of a non-fluid phase which contains manganese and cerium in the interior of said porous matrix, separating said porous matrix from a liquid phase containing soluble metals, completing the formation of said non-fluid phase which contains manganese and cerium in the interior of said porous matrix, heat treating said porous matrix to convert said non-fluid phase containing manganese and cerium placed therein into a manganese oxide-cerium oxide composite, and isolating said composite from said porous matrix. The resulting composite, and its use as a catalyst, are also provided.

Abstract: This invention is directed to coral scaffolds seeded with precursor cells in culture in the presence of a chelator and uses thereof in inducing or enhancing bone and/or cartilage formation in a subject, and kits related thereto. This invention is also directed to use of cadherin-upregulating coral for treating cancer or inhibiting cancer progression. This invention is also directed to use of aragonite or calcite-producing species for in vivo calcium release, and its application to the treatment of skin diseases, disorders or conditions.

Abstract: A dual-mode logic gate, for selectable operation in either of static and dynamic modes, includes: a static gate which includes at least one logic input and a logic output; a mode selector, configured for outputting a turn-off signal to select static mode operation and for outputting a dynamic clock signal to select dynamic mode operation; and a switching element associated with the mode selector static gate, comprising a first input connected to a constant voltage, a second input for inputting the mode selection signal from the mode selector, and an output connected to a logic output of the static gate. The switching elements switches the logic gate operation from static to dynamic mode, by applying the appropriate signal to the switching element.

Abstract: Inhibitors of cPLA2? expression are used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions for the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and for the treatment of cancer; the inhibitors are selected from cPLA2?-specific ribozymes, RNA sequences usable for RNA-interference of the cPLA2? gene, and antisense oligonucleotides directed against cPLA2?.

Abstract: A method for error detection includes storing in an associative memory multiple data entries, each data entry including a data item together with one or more check symbols computed with respect to the data item. A predetermined sequence of search keys is applied to the memory, thereby causing the memory to generate, in parallel, match results with respect to the data entries. The match results are processed in order to identify an error in at least one of the data entries.

Abstract: The present invention is primarily directed to a mutant strain of Parietochloris incisa, characterized in comprising a substantially reduced intracellular concentration of arachidonic acid (AA) together with a substantially increased intracellular concentration of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid 20:3?6 (DGLA).

Abstract: This invention provides a polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) which is transparent in the visible and near infrared region. The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a transparent sintered YAG, which has nearly no porosity.

Abstract: A method for resolving disputes between users in network communications using digital arbitration. The method comprising the steps of agreeing on a contract between the users and choosing a set of arbitrators; appealing to the arbitrators by a first user, if he/she suspects the second user violates the agreement; and giving the information needed to reconstruct a resource of the second user, if a large enough number of arbitrators agree that the second user actually violated the agreement.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography (OCT) imager comprising: a low coherence light source that provides light; a photosensor for imaging light; optics that directs a first portion of the light along a first optical path so that it is imaged on the photosensor and a second portion of the light along a second optical path so that it is reflected by material in the target to the photosensor where it is imaged to interfere with light from the first portion to form an interference pattern; and a mask through which light from at least one of the first and second portions of light passes that generates a relative phase perturbation between portions of light that passes through it.

Abstract: Antisense oligonucleotides against cPLA2 are provided, which are capable of inhibiting cPLA2 expression as well as superoxide production, especially in phagocytes. These antisense oligonucleotides are powerful agents for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, in particular arthritis, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. The antisense oligonucleotides or compositions comprising the same may be used in methods of treatment of such diseases.

Abstract: The site-specific expression of selectins on endothelial cells of blood vessels during angiogenesis provides an opportunity to target anti-cancer drugs to the vascular endothelium to extend the range of the therapeutic effect. This invention describes an innovative drug targeting strategy for the selective delivery of the anticancer drugs to endothelial cells by means of polymer-drug conjugates modified with a carbohydrate ligand for the vascular selectins. A model chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, and the E-selectin ligand, sLex, are attached to a biocompatible polymer (HPMA). The selective binding, cellular uptake, intracellular fate, and cell cytotoxicity of the polymer-bound drug are investigated in human endothelial cells.

Abstract: The invention provides virus-like particles for treatment of viral infections based on the virus causing the infection. The virus-like particles comprise the virus recombinant proteins that form a capsid, recombinant virus membrane proteins attached to the capsid and vRNA packaged within said capsid. The vRNA is generated from a DNA sequence encoding a polypeptide capable of specifically binding to a constant region of a nonstructural protein of the virus that is essential for propagation of the virus.