Abstract: A process for the production of a layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) on metallic and non-metallic bodies for implants is disclosed, wherein a layer of .alpha.- or .beta.-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is applied and this is then completely converted into pure HA by reaction with water at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: Copper-amine complexes comprised of a water-soluble copper salt and a polyamide-amine can be used as fungicides without the addition of ammonia, and they form firmly adhering coatings on leaf surfaces.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of vinyldiphosphonic acid is disclosed. The process involves elimination of a volatile acid from a 1-(O-acyl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid. The starting materials may be prepared by reacting 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid with the corresponding acid or directly by reacting the acid with phosphorous acid and an acyl anhydride.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of Maddrell's salt, wherein solid sodium dihydrogen phosphate and/or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, containing catalytic amounts of an acid or of an acid-generating compound statistically distributed therein, is brought to condensation at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to water-soluble cationic polymers and to their use in leather dyeing. The polymers preferably have K values of from about 20-45 and are obtained by reacting polyacrylonitrile or acrylonitrile copolymers in the presence of alcohols or polyols, optionally in the presence of a sulfur-containing catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of coarse-particle dicalcium phosphate dihydrate having a virtually spherical crystal shape and a particle size range between about 63 and 450 .mu.m, preferably between about 90 and 300 .mu.m, by reacting pure aqueous phosphoric acid with aqueous suspensions of precipitated chalks, wherein an amount of suspension corresponding to the reaction product formed is removed continuously or semicontinuously and the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate is separated off, washed and dried. Also disclosed is coarse-particle dicalcium phosphate dihydrate produced by the above process.

Abstract: A process for the oxidative or reductive bleaching of wood pulp, especially in the presence of heavy metal salts, in which a complex former combination containing at least one phosphonic acid, at least one polyhydroxycarboxylic acid and at least one phosphate or salts thereof is added to a wood pulp slurry in an amount of from 0.5 to 50%, based on the dry mass of the wood pulp, and subsequent bleaching is carried out in the presence of a reducing agent. Also provided is a complex former combination for use in the oxidative or reductive bleaching of wood pulp, comprising at least one phosphonic acid, at least one polyhydroxycarboxylic acid and at least one phosphate or salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention concerns retanning agents for mineral tanned leathers. They comprise aqueous solutions of organic polymer complex compounds containing carboxyl groups doped with chromium III. The agents are characterized by high chromium depletion and retanning effects.

Abstract: A process for the production of crystalline alkali metal aluminum phosphate represented by the formulaNa.sub.a K.sub.b H.sub.c Al.sub.d (PO.sub.4).sub.e.xH.sub.2 Owherein a has a value of from 0.5 to 1.5, b has a value of from 0 to 0.5, c has a value of from 12 to 16, d has a value of from 2.7 to 3.3, e has a value of from 7 to 9 and x has a value of from 3 to 6, and wherein a+b+c+3d=3e, comprises mixing phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate in aqueous solution with aluminum hydroxide, potassium oxide or aluminum oxide hydrate in amounts defined by the above formula, with a content of free water in solution ranging from 5 to 44%. The reaction mixture is then heated at a temperature of from 80.degree. to 200.degree. C. (if necessary, under elevated pressure) such that partial crystallization takes place. The free water is thereafter completely removed, if necessary under reduced pressure, at a temperature between about 60.degree. to 130.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel N-(hydroxy methyl)-1-amino alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids and N,N-Bis-(hydroxy-methyl)-1-amino alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids, preferably N-(hydroxy methyl)-1-amino ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, N,N-Bis-(hydroxy methyl)-1-amino ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, and their water-soluble salts. Also disclosed is a method for preparing these compounds by reacting the corresponding 1-amino alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids with formaldehyde in an alkaline medium at elevated temperature. The new phosphonic acid compounds are excellent stabilizing agents for hydrogen peroxide-containing alkaline bleaching liquors, especially useful for bleaching cellulose fibers and blends thereof with synthetic fibers, such as polyester fibers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fish improvement composition, in its relatively dry form and in its form as a solution, which includes a phosphate mixture component containing a multi-compound phosphate mixture with a specified P.sub.2 O.sub.5 content range, a preservative component selected from potassium sorbate, sorbic acid and mixtures thereof, and an acid component capable of adjusting the pH of a product containing the composition and a suitable liquid vehicle into the range of from about 5.4 to 6.7.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel N-(hydroxy methyl)-1-amino alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids and N,N-Bis-(hydroxy-methyl)-1-amino alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids, preferably N-(hydroxy methyl)-1-amino ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, N,N-Bis-(hydroxy methyl)-1-amino ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, and their water-soluble salts. Also disclosed is a method for preparing these compounds by reacting the corresponding 1-amino alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids with formaldehyde in an alkaline medium at elevated temperature. The new phosphonic acid compounds are excellent stabilizing agents for hydrogen peroxide-containing alkaline bleaching liquors, especially useful for bleaching cellulose fibers and blends thereof with synthetic fibers, such as polyester fibers.

Abstract: The novel, advantageous, and economical process of reclaiming printed waste paper comprises subjecting waste paper to a flotation de-inking process. The degree of whiteness of the reclaimed paper is considerably increased by the addition of specific phosphonic acid compounds to the de-inking bath. Hydroxy carboxylic acids, amino carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids as well as magnesium sulfate may also be added to the de-inking bath containing the phosphonic acids.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fillet fish product improvement composition, in its dry form and in its form as a solution, which includes a yield maintenance component containing a multi-compound phosphate mixture with a specified P.sub.2 O.sub.5 content range, a preservative component selected from potassium sorbate, sorbic acid and mixtures thereof, and an acid component of citric acid and/or its equivalents, with a pH of about 5.6 to about 6.5.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a stable food product from milk components, comprising the steps of mixing from about 20-40% by weight skim milk powder, from about 0-45% by weight butter fat, and from about 30-80% by weight water with from about 2-6% by weight of a mixture of salts comprising monosodium phosphate, sodium polyphosphate having about 70% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and a cross-linked polyphosphate having a pH value of 2.9, in a proportion of approximately 3:4:2; heating the resulting mixture to a temperature of from about 50.degree.-120.degree. C., within about 2-20 minutes under agitation; and recovering the product. Also disclosed is a stable food product in accordance with this process.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for condensing solid materials such as phosphates which tend to sinter and adhere when heated in a reactor wherein the reactants are introduced into a trough-like reactor provided with at least one set of rotatable agitating paddles. Heat is supplied to the reactor by passing a heating medium, such as a molten salt or a molten metal, through one or more heating jackets on the exterior of the reactor housing. The agitating paddles press the solid material in a thin layer against the wall of the reactor housing, and the material in the layer absorbs heat from the heating medium and sinters to a hard layer. One paddle of each set of paddles is provided with a stripping knife which moves along a path closely adjacent to the exterior wall of the reaction chamber to strip sintered material from the wall of the reactor housing. Heat is also transferred to the interior of the reactor housing by circulating the peeled material through the interior region of the reactor housing.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel N-(hydroxy methyl)-1-amino alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids and N,N-Bis-(hydroxy-methyl)-1-amino alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids, preferably N-(hydroxy methyl)-1-amino ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, N,N-Bis-(hydroxy methyl)-1-amino ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, and their water-soluble salts. Also disclosed is a method for preparing these compounds by reacting the corresponding 1-amino alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids with formaldehyde in an alkaline medium at elevated temperature. The new phosphonic acid compounds are excellent stabilizing agents for hydrogen peroxide-containing alkaline bleaching liquors, especially useful for bleaching cellulose fibers and blends thereof with synthetic fibers, such as polyester fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition and method for treating aqueous solutions with N-carboxy alkyl amino alkane polyphosphonic acids which have more than two carbon atoms in their carboxy alkyl group, and their alkali metal salts. The acids and salts are prepared in a good yield by reacting alkali metal salts of amino alkane phosphonic acids in which at least one hydrogen atom of the amino group is unsubstituted, in an alkaline medium with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid at increased temperature. The free acids are preferably recovered from the reaction solution by a treatment with a cation exchange agent. In place of the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids there can also be used their anhydrides, esters, or nitriles. The resulting polyphosphonic acids have a good complexing or sequestering effect on polyvalent metal ions.

Abstract: Novel N-carboxy alkyl amino alkane polyphosphonic acids which have more than two carbon atoms in their carboxy alkyl group, and their alkali metal salts are prepared in a good yield by reacting alkali metal salts of amino alkane phosphonic acids in which at least one hydrogen atom of the amino group is unsubstituted, in an alkaline medium with an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid at increased temperature. The free acids are preferably recovered from the reaction solution by a treatment with a cation exchange agent. In place of the .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids there can also be used their anhydrides, esters, or nitriles. The resulting polyphosphonic acids have a good complexing or sequestering effect on polyvalent metal ions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a salt hydrate composition having a phase transition heat greater than the heat capacity of water at a corresponding temperature, for charging a latent heat storage device. The process comprises the steps of providing an acid component of the salt hydrate; providing a base component of the salt hydrate, wherein at least one of the acid or base components comprises a liquid; and mixing the acid component and the base component together to cause a neutralization reaction. The acid and base components are mixed in a ratio and in respective concentrations to produce a salt hydrate solution saturated at the desired phase transition point.