Abstract: Textiles are washed in a fluid dry cleaning composition in the form of a microemulsion of an aqueous phase in perchloroethylene, comprising as the principal ingredients:______________________________________ Percent by Weight ______________________________________ Perchloroethylene 65-93.8 Emulsifier composed of a mixture of 2-6 (a) a calcium salt of an alkyl-aryl sulphonic acid with a total of 14 to 22 carbon atoms; and (b) a non-ionic surface-active hydrophobic alkylene oxide adduct, in which the alkylene oxide is in the form of ethylene oxide or a mixture of ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, and in which the hydrophobic part of the adduct has from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, in a weight ratio (a):(b) within the range 1:4 to 3:1 Aliphatic monoalcohol having from 4 to 0.2-4 10 carbon atoms Water 4-20 the ratio of the weight of the water to the weight of the emulsifier being in excess of 2:1.

Abstract: Formations surrounding oil wells, gas wells, injection wells and similar bore holes are treated by the injection of a microemulsion containing an acid solution. The main surfactant of the microemulsion is characterized by having at least two hydrocarbon groups attached to a nitrogen atom via a polar groups.

Abstract: The surfaces of solid fuel particles, in a solid fuel particle slurry in water, are oxidized by exposure to the action of an oxidizing agent, representatively potassium permanganate, to alter the characteristics thereof and permit the employment of reduced amounts of surface-active agent for purposes of attaining desired characteristics of the slurry, which slurry also comprises a part of the invention as disclosed.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry of a solid fuel and a process for producing said slurry are described. The aqueous slurry consists of a highly concentrated slurry of a pulverized, carbonaceous material having a particle size of at most 0.5 mm, and 0.02-2% by weight of at least one additive. The solids content of the slurry is 65-90% by weight, preferably 70-80% by weight. The slurry is characterized in that the additive includes a water-soluble surface active compound which is an ethylene oxide adduct having the following formula:RO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n Hwherein R is an aliphatic or acyl group with 10 to 24 carbon atoms or a substituted aryl group with 12-54 carbon atoms; and n is at least 40 but less than 100; or n is 40-200 in which latter case the ratio of ethylene oxide units to the number of carbon atoms in the group R is 3.5-6.0 when R is an aliphatic or acyl group and 3.0-5.5 when R is a substituted aryl group.

Abstract: Mechanical working of cast iron is performed in the presence of an aqueous metalworking composition containing an organic copper (II) complex and an iron corrosion inhibitor. An aqueous concentrate, which after dilution with water is suitable for application in mechanical working of cast iron, contains 1-50% copper (II) complex with such a Cu.sup.2+ -content of 0.5-20%, 1-50% iron corrosion inhibitor, 0-50% lubricant, 0-20% pH-regulators, bactericides and solubilizing agents and 10-70% water.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry of a solid fuel and a process and a means for producing said slurry are described. The aqueous slurry comprises a highly concentrated slurry of a pulverized, carbonaceous material having a particle size of at most 0.5 mm, and 0.02-2% by weight of at least two surface active additives. The solids content of the slurry is 65-90% by weight, preferably 70-80% by weight. The slurry is characterized in that the surface active additives include, as a major part, a water-soluble nonionic surface active agent which is an alkylene oxide adduct with a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, said hydrophilic part consisting of at least one polyalkylene oxide chain with a length of at least 40, preferably 50-150 ethylene oxide units; and, as a minor part, an ionic surface active agent.The ionic surface active agent preferably has the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1-22 carbon atoms, provided that the sum of the number of carbon atoms of R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for improving the filterability of a viscose solution by adding prior to the xanthation an ester compound containing alkyleneoxy units.

Abstract: A process for froth flotation of phosphate ore with a high content of carbonate, carried out in the presence of a hydrophilic polysaccharide and an amphoteric compound.

Abstract: A pumpable aqueous slurry of a solid fuel in the form of a pulverized, carbonaceous material and a process for the production of such slurry are described. The aqueous slurry comprises a component which consists of coarse grains of carbonaceous material having a particle size of up to 25 mm, and a further component which consists of a carrier liquid in which the coarse-grained carbonaceous material is suspended. The carrier liquid proper has a solids content of 65-90% by weight and consists of water and pulverized, carbonaceous material having a particle size of at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 350 .mu.m, and 0.02-2% by weight of at least one additive including a water-soluble surface active compound which consists of an alkylene oxide adduct having a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, said hydrophilic part consisting of a polyalkylene oxide chain, preferably a polyethylene oxide chain, having a length of 40-200 alkylene oxide units.

Abstract: The present invention specifies an esterified dicarboxylic acid of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.I is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 7-21 carbon atoms, R.sup.II is a hydrocarbon radical with 2-6 carbon atoms and A is an alkylene oxide group derived from an alkylene oxide with 2-4 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are compounds in which A relates to a group derived from ethylene oxide and in which R.sup.II is --CH.dbd.CH-- or the phenylene group --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --. The compound exhibits selective properties when used in the flotation of oxide and salt type minerals.

Abstract: During mechanical working, an aqueous lubricant composition is used as a lubricating and cooling agent, which contains an ether phosphate as a lubricating agent. A concentrate suitable for use as a lubricant after dilution with water is also described.

Abstract: A process for the froth flotation of calcium phosphate-containing minerals is provided which comprises carrying out the flotation in the presence of an amphoteric flotation agent having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is a hydrocarbon group having from about seven to about twenty-four carbon atoms;A is an oxyalkylene group having from two to about four carbon atoms;R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydrocarbon groups having from one to about four carbon atoms;Y.sup.- is selected from the group consisting of COO.sup.- and SO.sub.3.sup.- ;n is a number from 0 to 1;p is a number from 0 to 5;q is a number from 1 to 2;and salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method at the production of absorbent cellulose pulp, so-called fluff. By using certain nonionic fatty acid esters in combination with cationic retention agents, good disintegration properties of the cellulose pulp is obtained and the fluff which is obtained after dry-defibration has fast liquid absorption.The esters, which are used, are partially fatty acid esters of polyvalent alcohols, and as cationic retention agents quaternary ammonium compounds can e.g. be used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diesel fuel based on methanol and containing an additive for improving cetane number comprising a methanol-soluble polyoxyalkylene compound.

Abstract: A process is provided for the separation of nonfibrous material from mineral wool fibers which comprises dispersing the fibers in an aqueous solution comprising a surfactant having at least one hydrophobic group containing at least eight carbon atoms and at least one cationic hydrophilic group having at least one nitrogen or sulfur atom, such as a quaternary ammonium surfactant. The fibrous material is dispersible in the surfactant solution, while the nonfibrous material is not and consequently can be separated by centrifuging or settling and decantation.

Abstract: A liquid-liquid extraction process is disclosed, in which an aqueous solution, containing metal ions, is contacted with an organic liquid substantially insoluble in water. The organic liquid contains two water-insoluble reagents, viz. a diester of dithiophosphoric acid and an organic phosphate, in a preferred volume ratio of between 1:10 and 2:1. The organic liquid may also contain a diluent for the reagents.

Abstract: A process and composition are provided for the selective extraction of metal cations from aqueous solutions thereof, utilizing a water-immiscible solution in an organic solvent of an ortho-N-substituted aminomethyl phenol.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds are provided which are useful in the treatment of cellulose pulp and paper to reduce inter-fiber bonding and thereby obtain a low mechanical strength.A process is also provided for the treatment of cellulose pulp or paper therewith to reduce inter-fiber bonding and mechanical strength.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of soft hydrophilic polyurethane foam using a polyether polyol mixture having a high proportion of primary alcohol groups and a selected ratio of polyisocyanate to polyol.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing semi-rigid polyurethane foams having exceptional shock-absorbing properties, even after repeated compression, prepared by the reaction of a polyisocyanate; a polyether polyol having a molecular weight within the range from about 2,000 to about 10,000; from about 1 to about 5% by weight of water per part by weight of polyether polyol; from about 1 to about 6% by weight of urea and/or thiourea per part by weight of polyether polyol; and a cross-linking compound having at least three active hydrogen atoms per molecule that are reactive with isocyanate groups and having a molecular weight below about 1000 in an amount from about 5 to about 25% by weight per part by weight of polyether polyol; the amount of polyisocyanate being selected to give an isocyanate index within the range from about 0.7 to about 1.4.