Abstract: The standing step trainer is a device that allows a user to engage in movement that is similar to walking, although less strenuous. The standing step trainer assists users in raising their center of mass after it has been lowered via plantar flexion, ankle flexion, dorsiflexion, and knee flexion. Because users receive an assist in returning to an upright, neutral standing position, they are able to move on the standing step trainer for extended periods of time. This type of movement has been shown to provide myriad health benefits including an increase in the flow of nitric oxide throughout the blood. The methods of the present invention disclose using the standing step trainer to attain these and many other health benefits while working at a desk, watching television, attending class, or any other activity that has heretofore been done from a sitting or standing position.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods to improve oral absorption of nicotinamide or nicotinamide riboside or both nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside via gastric (stomach) uptake or via intestinal uptake into the portal circulation blood. Mixtures of nicotinamide or nicotinamide riboside or both nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside with botanical sources of flavonoids such as Hibiscus Sabdariffa dried calyces or cocoa powder or aronia berries are prepared. The above mixtures, with a pH modifier if needed, are to make the pyridinium cation form of nicotinamide or nicotinamide riboside or both nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside and such pyridinium cation forms will form associations of pyridinium cations of nicotinamide or nicotinamide ribose or both vitamins with positively-charged aggregating molecular forms to facilitate transport of the vitamins across gastric wall and intestinal wall mucosal environments to portal blood.