Abstract: The present invention provides for methods for fumigating soil containing deleterious organisms such as nematodes. The methods utilize an effective amount of acrolein which when added to the soil will control the organisms but will not exhibit phytotoxicity towards the existing or future plant life and an effective amount of a detoxification compound such as for example: sulfites, bisulfites, ammonia or ammonium compounds.

Abstract: A composition for of controlling scale formation and deposition and corrosion in aqueous systems is described wherein a treatment solution of a substoichiometric amount of a composition comprising a scale/corrosion inhibitor in combination with a substituted alkylpolycarboxylate is employed. The scale/corrosion inhibitor can be a phosphonate such as hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, hydroxyphosphonoacetic acids, amino phosphonates; terpolymers, copolymers and homopolymers of acrylic acid, maleic acid, epoxysuccinic acids such as polyepoxysuccinic acid or mixtures thereof. The substituted alkylpolycarboxylates are compounds of the general structure: R--X.sub.m --Y.sub.n wherein R is a hydrocarbon functionality having 4 to 18 carbons; X, when present, is --NH--, --NY.sup.1 --, --N-->O, --N--OC--Y.sup.1, --O-- or --S--; n is greater than or equal to 1; m=O or 1; and Y and Y.sup.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods and compositions for inhibiting the corrosion of iron-containing metals in contact with aqueous systems. The present invention further provides for compositions and methods for inhibiting pitting of iron-containing metals in contact with aqueous systems. The methods include the use of a copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid and 2-acetoacetoxyethylmethacrylate with or without a polyvalent metal salt or a polyhydroxy-polycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A novel high-purity polymer dispersant and sludge conditioner added to the feedwater entering the secondary side of a nuclear steam generator for minimizing the accumulation of metal-oxide deposits within the nuclear steam generator during the continuing operation of the generator is disclosed. The high-purity polymer is selected from a group consisting of acrylic acid polymer, methacrylic acid polymer, acrylate polymer, methacrylate polymer, copolymers, and terpolymers, acrylate/acrylamide copolymer, acrylate/methacrylate copolymer, terpolymers, and mixtures thereof. Methods of making and applying the polymer dispersant and sludge conditioner are described. Means for removing the metal oxides and polymer from the blowdown stream are disclosed.

Abstract: The use of halo-benzotriazoles as corrosion inhibitors in aqueous systems is disclosed. Halo-benzotriazoles such as chloro-tolyltriazole and bromo-tolyltriazole were found to be more effective corrosion inhibitors than tolyltriazole in the presence of chlorine.

Abstract: The use of halo-benzotriazoles as corrosion inhibitors in aqueous systems is disclosed. Halo-benzotriazoles such as chloro-tolyltriazole and bromo-tolyltriazole were found to be more effective corrosion inhibitors than tolyltriazole in the presence of chlorine.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting fouling in vinyl monomers are disclosed. Alkylphosphonate esters or acids thereof are added to vinyl monomers, particularly ethylene dichloride, that are undergoing processing to inhibit fouling.

Abstract: An alpha-tocopherol is disclosed as a polymerization inhibitor effective against vinyl monomer polymerization. Alpha-tocopherol was found to inhibit polymerization of acrylonitrile and diolefines such as isoprene and butadiene. Alpha-tocopherol was found to interact synergistically with hydroquinone in inhibiting polymerization of acrylonitrile.

Abstract: Positive static electricity charges in air flow from an air washer generated by an industrial process are reduced and controlled to a desired level by treatment of the water circulating in the air washer with an anionic polymeric material such as water soluble, neutralized polyacrylate.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for breaking oil and water emulsions are disclosed. Oil and water emulsions are broken by treating the emulsion with a copolymer of tannin and a cationic monomer. The preferred composition is an aqueous solution of a copolymer of tannin and a cationic monomer, a water soluble organic multivalent salt and a glycol. The preferred salt is aluminum chlorohydrate and the preferred glycol is hexylene glycol.

Abstract: Tannin containing polymers, their method of production and methods of using as water treatment agents are disclosed. The polymers are aldehyde-free and comprise copolymers of tannin and a cationic monomer. Another embodiment comprises aldehyde-free polymers of tannin, cationic monomer and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an anionic monomer and a nonionic monomer.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous alkanolamine solution in an acid gas removal unit is inhibited by adding a corrosion inhibiting amount of an alkanemonothiol or alkanedithiol compound to the aqueous alkanolamine solution. The alkanemonothiol and alkanedithiol compounds are useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.

Abstract: A method and composition for enhancing the dewatering of starch are disclosed, the composition comprising a combination of a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene (EO-PO) block copolymer and sodium lauryl sulfate.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with aqueous alkanolamine solution in acid gas removal units is inhibited by maintaining in the alkanolamine solution a corrosion inhibiting amount of a thiodialkanol. The thiodialkanol is useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: Methods of enhancing the dewatering of gluten are disclosed. The methods comprise adding an anionic surfactant to the wet gluten prior to dewatering, as in vacuum dewatering equipment. Particularly effective surfactants are sulfates and sulfonates.

Abstract: A stable aqueous solution comprising a water soluble salt of a magnesium compound, a surfactant and a calcium salt inhibitor is used to reduce deposits in kilns or furnaces used to make iron ore agglomerates, known as pellets, during iron ore calcination.

Abstract: A method of treating an aqueous system is described which comprises incorporating in the system a hydroxylamine derivative of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 which may be the same or different represents hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or aryl or a water soluble salt thereof or a precursor thereof, and a tannin in a weight ratio of at least 2:1. This is particularly useful for boiler water systems.

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for detection of leaks in boilers containing a temperature control liquid which is supplemented with feedwater and removed as blowdown and steam. The methods include measuring rates associated with the feedwater supplementation and blowdown and steam removal means, adding a tracer in a manner to ensure a non-constant concentration in the temperature control liquid, determining the concentration of the tracer in the blowdown, calculating the mass of the temperature control liquid, calculating the unaccounted for water rate and comparing this rate with zero to determine if a leak condition is present.