Abstract: An insertion instrument for inserting an implant in an intervertebral space is provided. The instrument includes a housing with an inner shaft with a device holder on the distal end and a locking lever on a shaft pin on the proximate end. The device holder has a gripping surface that engages the implant through an actuating mechanism through the locking lever. The instrument is operable to insert the implant into a vertebral space through impaction and is extracted without disturbing the placement of the implant.

Abstract: A resorbable tissue scaffold fabricated from bioactive glass fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioactive composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioactive glass fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the bioresorbable matrix is provided by bioactive glass that fuses and bonds the bioactive glass fiber into the rigid three-dimensional matrix. The resorbable tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a resorbable tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A spinal interbody device fabricated of fully resorbable bioactive glass materials is used to maintain the intervertebral spacing in a fusion of adjacent vertebrae. The spinal interbody device can include regions of porous material having various levels of bioactivity so that fusion through ingrowth of bone tissue can be provided while regions of the spinal interbody device can continue to maintain the intervertebral space.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a bioactive porous tissue scaffold is herein provided. Bioactive materials having a composition of biologically active materials that define a group of surface reactive glass, glass-ceramic, and ceramic materials that most commonly include a range of silicate, borate, and phosphate-based glass systems. These materials typically exhibit a narrow working range that require heating methods that use pore former combustion to control thermal variations during processing.

Abstract: A tissue scaffold fabricated from bioinert fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioinert composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioinert fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the porous matrix is provided by bioinert fiber fused and bonded into the rigid three-dimensional matrix having a specific pore size and pore size distribution. The tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A resorbable tissue scaffold fabricated from bioactive glass fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioactive composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioactive glass fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the bioresorbable matrix is provided by bioactive glass that fuses and bonds the bioactive glass fiber into the rigid three-dimensional matrix. The resorbable tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a resorbable tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A resorbable tissue scaffold fabricated from bioactive glass fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioactive composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioactive glass fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the bioresorbable matrix is provided by bioactive glass that fuses and bonds the bioactive glass fiber into the rigid three-dimensional matrix. The resorbable tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a resorbable tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A resorbable tissue scaffold in a glass ceramic composition forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioactive composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the glass-ceramic fiber forming the porous matrix. Strength of the porous matrix is provided by the interconnected and bonded fiber that fuses into the rigid three-dimensional matrix. The resorbable tissue scaffold supports tissue ingrowth when implanted as a device for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A resorbable tissue scaffold fabricated from bioactive glass fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioactive composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioactive glass fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the bioresorbable matrix is provided by bioactive glass that fuses and bonds the bioactive glass fiber into the rigid three-dimensional matrix. The resorbable tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a resorbable tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a bioactive porous tissue scaffold is herein provided. Bioactive materials having a composition of biologically active materials that define a group of surface reactive glass, glass-ceramic, and ceramic materials that most commonly include a range of silicate, borate, and phosphate-based glass systems. These materials typically exhibit a narrow working range that require heating methods that use pore former combustion to control thermal variations during processing.

Abstract: A tissue scaffold fabricated from bioinert fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioinert composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioinert fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the porous matrix is provided by bioinert fiber fused and bonded into the rigid three-dimensional matrix having a specific pore size and pore size distribution. The tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A silicon nitride porous tissue engineering scaffold is fabricated from a silicon-based fiber that is converted to silicon nitride through a reaction at elevated temperatures in a nitrogen environment. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the pore space between the fiber material in a porous matrix. The silicon nitride porous tissue engineering scaffold can be formed from raw materials that are a precursor to silicon nitride. The silicon nitride porous tissue engineering scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a biocompatible tissue scaffold used as an implantable medical device for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A resorbable tissue scaffold fabricated from bioactive glass fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioactive composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioactive glass fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the bioresorbable matrix is provided by bioactive glass that fuses and bonds the bioactive glass fiber into the rigid three-dimensional matrix. The resorbable tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a resorbable tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A tissue scaffold fabricated from tantalum fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a tantalum composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the tantalum fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the porous matrix is provided by tantalum fiber fused and bonded into the rigid three-dimensional matrix having a specific pore size and pore size distribution. The tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A tissue scaffold fabricated from bioinert fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioinert composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioinert fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the porous matrix is provided by bioinert fiber fused and bonded into the rigid three-dimensional matrix having a specific pore size and pore size distribution. The tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A bioactive tissue scaffold is fabricated from glass fiber that forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioactive composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the pore space between the glass fiber in the porous matrix. Mechanical properties such as strength, elastic modulus, and pore size distribution is provided by the three-dimensional matrix that is formed by bonded overlapping and intertangled fibers. The bioactive tissue scaffold can be formed from raw materials that are not bioactive, but rather precursors to bioactive materials. The bioactive tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a resorbable tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A resorbable tissue scaffold fabricated from bioactive glass fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioactive composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioactive glass fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the bioresorbable matrix is provided by bioactive glass that fuses and bonds the bioactive glass fiber into the rigid three-dimensional matrix. The resorbable tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a resorbable tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A tissue scaffold fabricated from bioinert fiber forms a rigid three-dimensional porous matrix having a bioinert composition. Porosity in the form of interconnected pore space is provided by the space between the bioinert fiber in the porous matrix. Strength of the porous matrix is provided by bioinert fiber fused and bonded into the rigid three-dimensional matrix having a specific pore size and pore size distribution. The tissue scaffold supports tissue in-growth to provide osteoconductivity as a tissue scaffold, used for the repair of damaged and/or diseased bone tissue.

Abstract: A tissue engineering scaffold of interconnected and bonded fiber having a property with a value that is spatially distributed in at least two regions is provided. The scaffold has at least two regions with properties, such as porosity, strength, elastic modulus, osteoconductivity, and bioactivity that can be controlled and modified through fabrication processes that alter the pore size, pore size distribution, composition, and bonding of fiber and other additives. The value of the property can be provided with a gradient between each of the adjacent spatially distributed regions.

Abstract: An orthopedic implant having a pyrolytic carbon composition is provided with a porous coating. The porous coating is bonded to the pyrolytic carbon implant using a bond coat that is reaction-bonded to the carbon material. The porous coating can be reaction-bonded to the bond coat to provide a porous structure having a structure that is conducive to the ingrowth of living tissue when implanted in the body.