Abstract: A backbone for use in an endoscope can include a plurality of links of which adjacent pairs are interconnected with each other. Each of the plurality of links can include an inner link segment and an outer link segment. One of the inner link segment and the outer link segment can include a pivot member and a socket. The other of the inner link segment and the outer link segment can include a locking member and a recess. The pivot member of a first link of the plurality of links can be received into the socket of a second link of the plurality of links. The locking member of the first link can be received into the recess of the second link.

Abstract: A flexible guide tube having a deflectable distal end is disclosed with at least first and second tensioning lines coupled to a deflectable distal end of the flexible guide tube. The first tensioning line is configured to deflect the distal end of the flexible guide tube in a first direction and the second tensioning line is configured to deflect the distal end of the flexible guide tube in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. A handle is coupled to flexible tube, the handle having a medial portion with a longitudinal axis substantially parallel with at least a portion of the flexible guide tube, a first actuator disposed proximal the medial section, and a second actuator disposed distal the medial section.