Abstract: A direct-drive brushless DC motorization apparatus comprises an outer rotor with poles constructed with segments of permanent magnet material alternatively magnetized north and south. The outer rotor is adapted to be part of a wheel and rotating with the wheel about an axis thereof. A stator core of ferromagnetic material is spaced inwardly of said rotor to define a clearance gap with the rotor such that the rotor is rotatable about the stator core. The stator core has forty-two slots and defines teeth therebetween. A three-phase winding with coils of insulated wire is wound around the teeth of the stator core. The three-phase winding is divided in two sets of consecutive teeth for each of the three phases, with each of the two sets of a same phase being diametrically opposed in the stator core.

Abstract: A unitary monocoque frame is provided for a bicycle including a right half shell having a peripheral edge and a left half shell having a peripheral edge symmetrical with the peripheral edge of the right half shell. The right half shell includes an integrally formed head tube portion and an integrally formed seat tube collar. The left half shell includes a curved surface to join with the head tube portion and a cupped recess to receive the seat tube collar. A tongue extends along at least a portion of the peripheral edge of one of the right and left half shells. A groove extends along at least a corresponding portion of the peripheral edge of the other one of the right and left half shells. The tongue and groove are in mating engagement to join the right and left half shells forming the unitary monocoque frame.